chapter-4 goldfarb

CHAPTER 4 GOLDFARB

Goldfarb family since 1650

ГОЛЬДФАРБ (GOLDFARB).
The name GOLDFARB belongs to a common group of Jewish surnames formed from the names of professions or occupation. In most cases, Jewish so-called "professional" surnames are simply the name of the profession, which forms the surname, regardless of the language from which the corresponding name has come from.
The surname Goldfarb is translated from Yiddish as "gold paint" or "gilding". In addition, the term "goldfarb" in art still denotes a certain method of gilding, which is used to apply matte gilding. Probably the first bearer of the name Goldfarb was engaged in gilding, maybe he was a master-gilt artist.
Gilt was widely used in Jewish art, for example in the manufacture of various ritual objects, elements of decoration in synagogues, etc.
Jewish surnames in the overwhelming majority arose very late, at the end of the 18th century and in the early 19th century. Moreover, even in the time of Napoleon in Western Europe, most Jews had no surnames. Napoleon issued a special decree obliging all French Jews to choose their own surname. This means that before that time practically the Jews had no surnames.
Viennese officials in the late 18th century realized that by combining two German roots one could obtain a large number of surnames that had to be appropriated for administrative purposes. The first part was chosen by taking beautifully sounding German words, meaning precious metals, colors, flowers, sky, sun, etc. As the second part of the surname, people took topographical terms, words from the plant or art world. As a result, the surnames sounded like typical German, for example:
GOLDFARB: the first part - GOLD is gold, the second part - FARBE - paint.

A Brief History of Goldfarbs

We began looking for traces of the start of our Goldfarb family in the mid-18th century, since most of the Jewish population in Ukraine was destroyed during the time of Bogdan Khmelnitsky (massacre of Jews 1648 - 1649) and during Maxim Zheleznyak and Ivan Gont (massacre of Jews 1767-1768 ). We were able to determine that the Goldfarb clan’s nest was located in the area of the city of Peremysl, Lviv Voivodeship. We assume that there lived the family of the ancestor of Goldfarb and where in 1788-1790 they were given the name GOLDFARB. According to our assumptions, he bore the name Aron and he had at least four grandchildren El, Itskhak, Abraham and Leib.
Descendants of El lived in the city of Lublin, where some of them worked as carpenters. The descendants of Itskhak in search of work turned out to be in Veliky Berezetsy, Kremenetsky district, where they worked as jewelers, and some of them ended up in Berdichev, where they were Merchants. The descendants of Abraham lived in Chernyakhov and some of them ended up in Zhytomyr. And the descendants of Leib continued to live in Peremysl, although some of them ended up in the Ternopil region.
Around 1890, a son Leib was born in one of the branches of El or Itskhak. This Leib was brought up with a girl from Belogorodka, Izyaslavsky District, where later the family of our grandfather Leib lived. Leib had three sons: Ayzik, Shaya, El and daughter Basia.
Sasha (Shaya) Goldfarb born in 1919 is the father of Ilia Goldfarb.

Below are hundreds of archival documents, photographs and explanations on the basis of which we reconstructed in detail the Goldfarb family tree.
The new materials that we found make us wonder how big the Goldfarb family tree lived in Peremysl, Velikiy Bereztsy, Kremenets, Berdichev, Chernyakhov, Zhytomyr and Ternopil region? In this case, one must take into account the mosaic of the appearance of certain names in different branches, their chronology and sequence. After a thorough study of all the materials found in the Polish and Ukrainian archives, the following diagram was drawn up for an extended version of the Goldfarb family tree. A dashed line indicates a relationship that has not yet been documented, our direct ancestors are highlighted in yellow, and potential direct ancestors are highlighted in green.

Please bear in mind that when we connected individual branches to a certain tribe, we did it conditionally, realising that some branches may not be blood relatives, but simply namesakes. Although most of our surnames belong to the Cohen and Levite clans, where there is a high probability of distant blood relationship according to the laws of preserving the Cohen status.

As it turned out, information about the founders of GOLDFARB family tree is practically not preserved. There are many reasons for this and they are rather boring. However, what has survived was enough to conduct an extensive search, the results of which we are happy to share. The project of the GOLDFARB family tree is somewhere in the middle of the process.
Below are the closest relatives of Ilia GOLDFARB:

Leib GOLDFARB 1891-1941 Lived in the m.(mestechko, shtetl) Belogorodka of the Izyaslav district and was shot by fascists in the Izyaslav ghetto in 1941.
Leib's wife lived in the m. Belogorodka of the Izyaslav district and was shot by fascists in the Izyaslav ghetto in 1941.

Leib had three sons and one daughter:

Son Isaac (Aizik), who after the war worked as a manager of a grocery store in Izyaslav, and then moved to Tashkent.
Son Sasha (Shaya), who after the war worked as a chief accountant in OKB (Experimental Design Bureau) in Kiev,.
Son Elia, who was shot by fascists in Izyaslav in the ghetto in 1941.
Daughter Basia, whose husband was a victim of political repression in 1938, after the war she lived in Dnepropetrovsk.

An expanded search has also found other GOLDFARBs, which may also turn out to be our relatives, or maybe not. Nevertheless, the project inspired us to turn to the history of this region. Below is a brief summary of our study. In Volhynia we found the following GOLDFARBs, which may turn out to be our ancestors and relatives:

Yitzhak GOLDFARB lived in Kremenets, was born before 1735.
Leibke GOLDFARB lived in Kremenets, was born in 1776.
Aron Shmul GOLDFARB lived in the m. Berezets, was born in 1756, he had sons:
Yitzhak GOLDFARB was born in 1799.
and Yoel GOLDFARB was born before 1814, his wife was called Khaya and he had a son:
Fishel GOLDFARB was born before 1835, his wife was called Chai-Sore and he had three sons:
Leib GOLDFIARB was born in 1856, died in 1884.
Paysah GOLDFARB was born in 1852, died in 1885.
and Hersh GOLDFARB was born in 1878.

Some GOLDFARBs from this category may turn out to be our relatives. Below we list the reasons why we think it is possible. As a result, an extended version of the family tree with potential relatives was created.

The materials found make us wonder how big the family tree of GOLDFARB who lived in Volhynia was. In this case, you need to consider the mosaic of the appearance of certain names in different branches, their chronology and sequence. After a careful study of all materials, the following diagram of the extended version of the family tree of GOLDFARB was compiled. The dotted line indicates a link, documentary confirmation of which has not yet been found.

Biblical ancestors

Kohen or cohen (or kohain; Hebrew: כֹּהֵן‎, "priest", pl. כֹּהֲנִים‎ kohanim) is the Hebrew word for priest used colloquially in reference to the Aaronic priesthood. Jewish kohanim are traditionally believed and halakhically required to be of direct patrilineal descent from the biblical Aaron.

A more detailed family tree of the biblical Abraham, the father-founder of the Covenant, and his grandson Jacob.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levi

Greek-Catholic icon depicting the prophet Aaron as high priest. The icon was painted at the end of the 18th century as part of the iconostasis of the Greek Catholic Cathedral Hydudorog, Hungary.

The son of Kaafov - Amram was the father of Miriam, Aaron and Moses. The descendants of Aaron: Cohen ("Priests"), had a special role as priests in the Tabernacle in the desert, as well as in the temple in Jerusalem. The remaining Levites (Levi'yim in Hebrew) are divided into three groups (descendants of Gershon, or Gershon, descendants of Kaaf, or Kaafovo, and descendants of Merarina or Merarino) performed various roles in the Tabernacle and later in the services of the temple.
A year after the Exodus, the Tabernacle was completed from Egypt. The Tabernacle was called upon to play an important role in the fulfillment of the mission entrusted to the sons of Israel, including the establishment of forms of service to the One God. Among the twelve tribes in the Pentateuch, the tribe of Levi (from which Moses and Aaron originated) was especially highlighted as the tribe that the Lord God chose, and called to his service at the Tabernacle, taking them instead of all the first-born of Israel. Thus, for example, Moses proclaims the Levites a host of faith, which punishes the apostates with the sword.
By the command of God, the Levites in the Tabernacle had to perform auxiliary functions, while the sacred service itself-sacrifice, the incense of incense, the blessing of the people, and so on-was commanded to perform to Aaron and his sons. They and their descendants become priests of the Israelites - koen. For them and their kind, the priesthood has now become "an eternal statute."
From among the koans was chosen the High Priest (koen gadol), which once a year entered Yom Kippur into the Holy of Holies (Kodesh ha-Kodashim), where the Ark of the Covenant was kept.

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8B

Article from the book of Rav Zamir Cohen "The Coup"
... As you know, when the Jews left Egypt, only one person, Aaron, brother of Moses, was chosen from the tribe of Levi by the Most High for carrying out the sacred service in the Temple, thus obtaining a special status of a koen. The remaining members of this tribe, including Moshe himself, remained Levites and did not receive the Cohen status.
Assigning Aaron as the Great Cohen (high priest), the Creator commanded that the title of koen pass from father to son. And for this reason, until the end of time, only the direct descendants of Aaron from the marriages allowed to the Kohanas performed service in the Temple, blessed the people with the special blessing of the cohens and accepted the holy offerings from the Jews (parts of sacrifices, separation from crops, etc.). A daughter of a cohen, who married not for a cohen, lost her status, and her children could no longer be koen (1).
The reason why cohenism goes only to sons is certainly spiritual nature, as, indeed, all the other commandments of the Torah.
However, it is striking that this fact was reflected in material reality, as it follows from the results of an extensive international project on the study of the genome of cohens, which caused an unusual interest among geneticists. This research was carried out by the Israeli scientific team under the guidance of prof. Karla Skoretsky, head of the laboratory of nephrology and molecular medicine at the medical faculty of the Haifa Technion and the head of the nephrology department of Rambam Hospital in Haifa, with the participation of famous researchers from the USA and England - Dr. David Goldstein, Dr. Neil Bredman of University College in London and others . A scientific review of the findings was published in the Discovery (2) journals in 1997 and Science News (3) in 1998.
In the course of the study, which lasted several years in different countries of the world, it was found that all the cohens from completely different communities: English, Tunisian, Russian, Yemen, etc., a certain "genetic mark" in DNA is more likely to be found than In representatives of any other group of the population, although these communities existed completely independently of each other for hundreds or even thousands of years. This "genetic mark", on average, is 80% cohen, regardless of the country of origin, while among other Jews it is found in less than 20%, among non-Jews it appears even less often - less than 5%!
From a scientific point of view, on the basis of such statistics, it is possible to say with certainty that Jewish koens are relatives from a common ancestor, and this ancestor lived long before the separation of the Jewish people into different communities in exile (4).
The most interesting is that this gene, common for the vast majority of cohens, is in the male chromosome Y, and therefore, is transmitted only on the paternal line! This means that all koenas are not just members of the same genus, but the direct descendants of one ancestor, to which their ancestry on the paternal line goes back.
Dr. Abraham Amar from the hospital "Hadassah-Ein Karem" in Jerusalem summed up his impressions from the research of prof. Skreetsky: "Those who refused to believe in the authenticity of the Jewish tradition still have to bow their heads to irrefutable scientific evidence, fully confirming its truth and reliability, which are the consequence of the pedantic severity with which this tradition was handed down by Jews from generation to generation" ...

http://www.liveinternet.ru/users/rinarozen/post404110046/

The above-mentioned scientific research fully explains the practice of Jewish marriages in Russia in the years 1800-1900. For example, in the book
Jewish Marriage and Divorce in Imperial Russia By ChaeRan Y. Freeze
The following strategies are mentioned for organizing Jewish marriages in the Pale of Settlement:
"... In order to organize a profitable marriage within the limited world of the Pale of Settlement, Jewish families could use four basic strategies: (1) hire a professional Shadhan (matchmaker); (2) A contract with relatives about marriage; And (3) will stop on endogam marriage in a small group of local families ... "
All of these strategies include for the cohens the restrictions on getting married to a non-cohen, while the daughter of a cohen who did not marry for a cohen lost her status, and her children could no longer be koenis.
Now we can conclude, assuming that all these customs were carried out, and when the marriage took place between Hania Kaganskaya (daughter of the kohen) and Mark Maloratsky, Mark was born into a family of a kohen or a Levite. This is confirmed by the fact that their daughter Sonia (Sarah) Maloratskaya was married to Mordukha Sagalov, who was a Levite.

OUR ANCESTORS UP TO THE 18TH CENTURY

http://allconspirology.org/books/Andrey-Burovskiy_Evrei--kotorykh-ne-bylo--Kniga-1/19

A brief chronology of the movement of Jews:

13 c.

1264

1290

1306

1334

14 c.

1400
1492

1495
1507

1569

17 c.

13   century. The first small Jewish communities existed in Poland as early as the 13th century, and then the Polish Jewish population increased significantly by accepting Jews, Expelled from other European countries, including Germany (1346), Austria (1420), Spain (1492), Portugal (1497), France (1394), Kiev (1886), Moscow (1891), Hungary (1349-1526 and 1686-1740).
1264. In Poland, privileges were granted to Jews throughout the western part of the country. Privilege to Jews was given by the specific Polish prince Boleslav Pious in the city Kalishe. It was the famous Kalish statute, a general diploma, which later formed the basis of all Polish legislation on Jews. Boleslaw's charter extended only to its specific principality. Jews from other regions of Poland were under the rule of other princes, and these the privileges spread to them only in the next century, in the reign of King Casimir the Great.
1290 . In England, after the expulsion, there were no Jews left at all. 16,000 British Jews boarded the ships and left their cruel homeland forever. They went mainly to France.
1306. About one hundred thousand Jews were expelled from France (King Philip IV). In 1394, the King of France expels the remaining Jews, finally completing the thousand-year history of French Jewry. Most of the exiled Jews moved to the German lands.
1334.  Casimir the Great brought the Jews out of the jurisdiction of German law and from that time the Jewish communities were directly under the jurisdiction of the royal court. After the decision of Casimir the Great to provide security and interests of the Jews, the Polish Kingdom became the home of the Semitic people, expelled from the rest of Europe. King Casimir III the Great is considered the patron of the Jews in Poland.
14 century, the end of the century. Many Jews settled in Lithuania. The union of Poland with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Russia led to the fact that Lithuanian Jews in 1388 were given a similar diploma - as in Poland, they were equated with Christian townspeople. After the conclusion of the Polish-Lithuanian union in 1375, an intensive formation of Jewish communities in Lithuania began, as in Poland.
1400. The number of Jews in the most indigenous Poland, without Russia was at least 100 thousand people.
1492. Spanish King Ferdinand ordered his Jewish subjects "to accept Christianity or to leave." Most of the three hundred thousand left the country. Some of the refugees moved to Portugal, from which they were expelled ten years later. Others have found refuge in Holland, Turkey (~ 100,000), North Africa (~ 100,000), and Germany. The Jews who settled in Germany were persecuted and moved eastward to Poland. The rulers of Poland were loyal to the Jewish refugees, who, they hoped, would contribute to the development of the economy. Jews were guaranteed safety and freedom of religion. As a result, many Jews settled in Poland, having founded large and influential communities. 100 thousand expelled Jews at the same time from France, moved to the countries around the Mediterranean Sea. Only a very small number of French Jews sent their footsteps from the south of the country to distant Germany. However, most of the fugitives from France settled in Alsace and Lorraine, that is, in the border area between Germany and France.
1495.  Grand Duke Alexander, King of Poland in 1501, expelled Jews from the Grand Duchy, and in 1503 allowed them to return.
1507. Sigismund I confirmed the privileges of former kings. The wealthy Jews in his time took on board the collection of state taxes and duties, rented royal estates and always knew how to make a considerable income from them. Sigismund II August expanded the rights of Jewish communities in their self-government.
Until 1569, the Lithuanian state was multinational. The large territories of Kievan Rus were under the rule of Lithuania.
July 1, 1569 Lublin Union - the alliance between Poland and Lithuania, as a result of which Rzeczpospolita emerged. Poland was the only European state tolerant to the Jews, becoming the home of one of the largest and dynamically developing Jewish communities. Jews in Rzeczpospolita occupied a special socio-economic niche. These people lived in rural areas, but their occupation was typically urban: craft and trade. Jews often became tenants of estates of the Polish and Russian gentry, because the nobility preferred not to farm. For the habitats of the Jews had to enter new terms - "place" and "shtetl."
17 century, the second half. The Polish-Lithuanian union began to weaken due to military and religious conflicts (between Protestants and the Catholic Counter-Reformation, as well as between Orthodox and Brest Unity), and traditional Polish tolerance also disappeared. In general, from the second half of the 17th century, the situation of Polish Jews deteriorated.

JEWS IN THE TERRITORY OF UKRAINE BEFORE THE END OF THE 18th.

The first mentioning of Jews on lands that by the end of the 20th century belong to Ukraine is found on the first centuries BC Jewish inscriptions in Greek from Panticapaeum (modern Kerch); the most ancient of them researchers date to the 4th century BC. Starting from the middle of the 7th century, a significant part of the Crimea fell under the power of the Turkic nomads of the Khazars. In the late 8 century, the ruler of Khazaria Ovadia and the supreme nobility of the state adopted Judaism. In 690 Khazaria accepted Jews from the Iranian provinces of the Baghdad Caliphate, who were threatened by a government army that pacified the rebellious Shiites, and in 723 - Byzantine Jews, who fled from forced baptism. Some scholars suggest there was migration of Jews to subordinate Khazars regions from Spain and the Frankish lands in the 8-10 centuries. No later than the beginning of the 10th century, in Kiev there was a Jewish community. In the annals of Kievan Rus a note was made of the Zhydovsky Quarter and the Zhidovsky Gate in the capital of the principality. In addition to Kiev, Jews in the 12-13 centuries lived in a number of other cities of Kievan Rus. In the Galicia-Volyn principality, where rulers’ religious tolerance was typical, Jews flocked not only from the east, but also from German lands, Bulgaria, Hungary. In Lviv, which in 1270 became the capital of an independent principality, a Jewish community also appeared. In the 14-15 centuries, a large number of Ashkenazi Jews, primarily from the western regions of Poland, as well as from the German principalities (including Austria), Hungary, Bohemia, and Moravia, resettled on the Ukrainian lands that experienced a period of rapid economic growth.. By the end of the 14th century, Ashkenazi Jews accounted for the majority of the Jewish population of Eastern Galicia and Volhynia. In many regions of Ukraine Jews were a part of the local militia; in 1551 they defended Bratslav from the Tatars after despite the escape of the garrison and the greater part of the population.
In the XVI century, anti-Jewish sentiments have intensified in various circles of Polish and Lithuanian society, largely under the influence of the church.
Lithuania in the beginning of the XVI century.
Under the rule of Sigismund I Old (1506-48), the period of economic and political flourishing of Lithuanian Jewry has begun. The King confirmed the charter of Vitovt (in 1529 it was included in the 1st Lithuanian Statute).
Up to the Union of Lublin (1569), Jews lived mainly on the lands of princely cities and enjoyed the patronage of the prince. According to the 1st Lithuanian Statute, the murder of a nobleman, a Jew or a citizen was punishable by death, and the family of the murderer was obliged to pay the penalty to the family of the murdered. The penalty for the murder of a Jew, as well as the murder of a nobleman - 100 groschen, and for the murder of a citizen - only 12 groschen.
The greatest Polish King Casimir the Great, under the rule of whom was the golden age of Poland issued a special charter of Jewish privileges. Not only did he give freedom to the Jews, not only did Jews enjoy the same rights as the bulk of the Polish population, but also strangely enough, he even granted privileges to Jews.
What happened at this time? Poland has reached unprecedented glory days with this king – the reason why he was called Casimir the Great - where Jews enjoyed incredible rights for the Middle Ages, and Poland flourished. Incidentally, this king was also called Zhidovsky Krul and Khlop Krul. Why? Because he tried to build the life of Poland based on Biblical justice, and issued a number of laws that protected the rights of Christians. Unfortunately, this is a not a well-known page of history for many of us. Subsequent historians have been influenced so much by an anti-Semitic approach that it was not beneficial for them to describe such incredible times of history that undermined their argument against the Jews. Poland, which at that time was called Great Poland, included the Polish and Lithuanian Kingdoms. These two kingdoms united in "Rech Pospolitaya", and they included a significant part of the Belarusian and Ukrainian lands. Kiev was a part of this territory. And to this Great Poland the mass of Jews fled. Here, despite efforts of the Catholic clergy, for a certain time, the Jews were protected by kings and laws, and lived in a more or less tolerant society.

In the 16th century. On the Ukrainian lands that were part of Poland and Lithuania (as a result of the Lublin Union of 1569 they formed a single state - Rzeczpospolita), some Sephardi families from the Ottoman Empire and Italy settled; the mass migration of Ashkenazi from Central and Western Europe continued.

A fragment of "Blooming time for the Jews" from the source:
Russia. Commission for the organization of life of Jews.
The materials of the Commission for the Arrangement of the Life of Jews (for the Kingdom of Poland). - St. Petersburg: type. M-va ext. Cases, 1874. - 499 p .;

From the BOOK OF TIMES AND EVENTS by Felix Kandel:
In the first half of the seventeenth century the "golden period" of Polish and Lithuanian Jewry was coming to an end. The townspeople, the inhabitants of cities, accused the Jews of being enterprising in trade, luring buyers into shops, cheaper prices for goods, and a merchant explained this in this way: "The Jew, in a malicious desire to ruin the trading estate, ruins himself as well The product is almost a freebie, attracting the wrath of competitors, but the buyer supports the Jews, and their creditors protect them. " The kings did not have the fullness of power, and the clergy could dictate their terms, and the burghers sought new restrictive laws against the Jews from the Diet. At the end of the sixteenth century they were forbidden to live in Vitebsk, at the beginning of the seventeenth - in Kiev. In the royal charter it was said: "To the border place not by Jews, but by people Ukrainian merchants expanded and multiplied ... no Jew in the city of Kiev to live, did not buy houses and did not build houses, and that no one Jew in the city Kiev to myself did not take ... and the apartment was not allowed to stay in my apartment. " In the same place where it was not possible to expel Jews from the city, pogroms, beatings, robberies of shops began - tested means in struggle against competitors.
In the first half of the seventeenth century there were pogroms in Vilna, Brest, Krakow, Lublin, Peremyshl; Ritual processes - in Lęczyc, Sandomierz, Selce, Sochaczew, Bochnia, Peremyshl, Krakow, Lublin. It all began with anti-Semitic agitation, and ended with the performance of petty bourgeois against Jewish merchants and artisans. Polish-Lithuanian Jewry inevitably made concessions and signed unprofitable contracts with city magistrates who curtailed rights in trade and crafts, but this did not lessen the hatred of the urban population. A certain scribe Jan Kmit wrote in the inflammatory book "A Crow in a Golden Cage, or Jews in a Free Crown of Poland": "No one lives in such contentment as a Jew in Poland: a Jew for dinner always has a fat goose, fat chickens, and a miserable Catholic Dunks a piece of bread in tears that flow from his eyes. "
By that time, the gentry and big tycoons had already used Polish Jews to settle Ukrainian lands. Prior to the fourteenth century, specific Russian princes ruled in Ukraine, and then its territory moved to Lithuania. The population consisted mainly of Orthodox peasants who lived on spacious and fertile lands, far from the central power, and were raised in the spirit of liberties. The Grand Duke of Lithuania distributed the land to his associates, but they did not oppress the peasants, because they could at any time withdraw from one place and move on to another. There were a lot of land at the time, and the population was small, and land owners were pleased that the peasants gave them part of their products. In the rest, no one interfered in their lives and did not encroach on freedom.
According to the Union of Lublin in 1569, Poland and Lithuania formed a single state of Rzeczpospolita, and Polish domination spread to Southern Russia - the territories of the Kiev, Bratslav and Volyn voivodeships. Immediately changed the conditions of life. The earth ceased to belong to those who cultivated it, but became the property of landowners. Polish kings gave their dignitaries extensive estates on fertile lands on both sides of the Dnieper, and the colonization of Ukraine began at a rapid pace. On its expanses with huge natural resources there were estates of princes and szlachta, cities, castles, small towns grew up. The Panians attracted settlers, promising at first freedom from duties and payments; The peasants, tempted by extraordinary privileges, let themselves be tied to the ground and gradually turned into servants working for the people. The possessions of the Polish tycoons on the land of Ukraine were located on giant territories; They included dozens of cities and hundreds of villages with hundreds of thousands of peasants who paid rent to their owner and provided him with all kinds of services.
Among the colonists there were also Jews. In the cities of Poland and Lithuania, in the overcrowded Jewish neighborhoods, under constant pressure from hostile townspeople and clergy it was difficult, uncomfortable and sometimes dangerous life, and on the Ukrainian expanses that they can apply in practice their knowledge, experience and business acumen. The new landowners lived in the capital, in large cities and did not farm. They willingly rented their estates - Polish noblemen, Ukrainian petty bourgeois, Jews; The royal elder gave them the right to collect taxes, duties and peasant duties. The Jews did not own the land, and therefore were willing to tenants, to make a living: in the early seventeenth century, about half of the land in Ukraine, owned by kings and nobility, Jews rented. Soon various handicrafts were concentrated in their hands: the production of saltpeter and potash, fishing, game and drink business; They rented taverns, dairies and mills.
The number of Jews in Ukraine immediately increased. Grown community in Lutsk, Volodymyr-Volynsky, Kovel, jail, Bare, Bratslav, Vinnitsa, Nemyriv, Tulchin. There were new communities in the White Church, Boguslav, Pereyaslav, Starodub, Chernigov and other cities. Cardinal Kommendoni traveling around the edges, left a description of Jewish life: "In these provinces there is a large number of Jews, and they do not inspire contempt, as in other places, they do not interrupt here shameful wages, usury and execution of all kinds of orders, although not refuse. this kind of income, own land, engaged in trade, and devote themselves to the study of even belles lettres, medicine and astrology They hold almost everywhere at the mercy of customs and freight collection They are quite wealthy.. not only belong to the respected people, but often even have those under his authority. They do not wear any sign, to distinguish them from Christians. They are allowed to carry a sword and even be armed. Finally, they enjoy the rights of other citizens. "
By the middle of the seventeenth century, the circumstances that led to the terrible catastrophe had already been determined. Pani were Catholics, peasants were Orthodox. Orthodoxy was regarded by Catholics as a "cotton faith", they tried to destroy it through violent church unions. The peasants looked at the peasants as a lower race. They handily handled the land of Pan and paid a lot of taxes - for pastures, mills, fishing, for each hive and for each ox. "The owner or the royal elder not only takes away from the poor slave all that he earns," the Jesuit wrote Skarga, "but he also kills himself when he wants and as he pleases, and no one will say a bad word for it."
Antagonism was monstrous, the oppressed with the oppressor had nothing in common - neither faith, nor language, nor nationality. Nothing could soften the relationship between the man and the serf, between the Catholic and the Orthodox, between the Pole and the Ukrainian. But the pan or tycoon was often far away, and the peasants directly faced a Jewish tenant. Formally, he took the place of the Pan, to a certain extent he received that power over the peasant who belonged to the landowner, and was supposed to - on the instructions of the Pan - extract the maximum income from the peasant. As one Pole wrote, "we (the gentry) peeled peasants only with Jewish claws." Therefore, the hatred of the peasant was against pan-Lahach and the Catholic and against the Jewish lessee, who was alien to him "non-Christians".
Subsequently, the Jews were credited with the most incredible abuses against the Orthodox peasantry, even to the point that the Polish landlords allegedly rented out the Orthodox rural churches, and so the Ukrainians had to pay Jewish renters for the right to baptize their children, to marry newlyweds and to sing the funeral. In fact, there is no documentary evidence that Jews rented churches, and only later historians, familiar with the traditions of those times, tell about it. But the peasants did not understand who is more to blame for their oppression, and who is less. Ukraine rebelled, and the Jews were exterminated on a par with hated people by the Pani. The historian S. Dubnov wrote: "Jews fell between the hammer and the anvil, between the master and the slave, the Poles and the Russians." On the soil saturated with volcanic forces, three classes, three religions, three nations collided, and the catastrophe was inevitable. "
There was no exit anywhere. From Central Europe, Jews fled to Poland, from the horrors of the Crusades, the persecution of the "black death" and ritual libel. From Poland they came to Ukraine - under the pressure of the petty bourgeoisie and the clergy, who drove them out of the cities. Everywhere strangers, everywhere taken for royal and gentry benefits, oppressed and exterminated during periods of popular unrest. So it happened in Ukraine. 1648 year. The uprising of the Cossacks, led by Bogdan Khmelnitsky, whom the Jews called "Hop-villain, let his name be erased".

Below is the map "Jews in Central Europe (1881)” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews
This map is easily explained by the fact that Poland had the most liberal laws in relation to the Jews.

Jews in Central Europe (1881)

For example, in his book Servants of Satan: The Age of the Witch Hunts, Joseph Kleys writes:

"... Popular violence against Jews was of long-term historical importance, as the majority of the remaining members of the Jewish communities moved to the east and restored themselves in a more tranquil setting of Slavic Europe, which became the center of Ashkenazi culture until the Holocaust of the twentieth century ..."
The greatest Polish King Casimir the Great of the 14th century, under which was the golden age of Poland, issued a special charter of Jewish privileges. Not only did he give freedom to the Jews, not only did Jews enjoy the same rights as the bulk of the Polish population, strangely enough, he even granted privileges to Jews. When persecution of Jews began in Western Europe, they naturally chose Rzeczpospolita (Poland) a place of new residence.

Ethnographic Review (circa 1858)

Original map: http://ic.pics.livejournal.com/maloross1913/78480093/86975/86975_original.jpg

GOLDFARBS IN VOLHYNIA

VOLYNIA, a historical region in northwestern Ukraine. According to reports, a Jewish settlement in Volyn existed already in the 12th century. Jews continued to live in Volyn after its accession to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (14th century). They were mainly engaged in trade, but among them were craftsmen (tailors, furriers). In the second half of the 16th century. Jews began to rent inns and engage in a variety of crafts related to the management of estates. The increase in the Jewish population during this period and the strengthening of its economic position turned Volyn into the center of Jewish culture.
The Golden Age for the Jews of Volyn was considered the period between its accession to the Polish crown in 1569 and the massacre perpetrated by B. Khmelnitsky in 1648. By the middle of the 17th century. 15 thousand Jews lived in Volyn in 46 settlements. The four main communities of Volyn (Ostrog, Vladimir-Volynsky, Lutsk and Kremenets) became important spiritual and social centers. Many prominent scribes occupied the posts of rabbis.

We found a census of Jews in the city of Kremenets in 1563, which is given below. This document is the oldest census document in our genealogy.

Acts on the settlement of southern Russia XVI - XVIII c

About the census of the Jews (lustration) in Kremenets 1563
The census lists 978 households in Kremenets. Of these 113 Jewish families.
Among the real estate owned by the Jews in 1563 are the synagogue, the Jewish hospital and the houses of Shammash *) and the rabbi.
*) Shammash is a `servant`; (in Yiddish амhames), responsible for the administrative and economic activities of the synagogue, rabbinical court or voluntary community.

Synagogue. According to the Act of Hair Measurements 1563, at the end of Jewish Street (now named after Shevchenko) there was a “Dr. Smuil” section (1.5 bars *), and on Srednaya Street, parallel to it, there were two school sections (2 and 1.25 bars) and "Doctor Jew" (4.5 rods), a Jewish hospital (2 rods) and "Yuska schoolchild" (1.25 rods). On one of these plots of land was obviously a Jewish temple.
According to the so-called geometric instruction in 1783, which contains a complete list of all the land plots on the city plan, at the end of the Jewish or Dubensky street there was a Jewish school with buildings, the estate of which occupied 182 rods and 47 rods of the earth. Where at the end of the XVIII century. here they built a stone synagogue in the style of classicism, which stood before the Second World War. In the early autumn of 1942. This temple was completely destroyed by fire.
*) 1 rod is approximately 5 meters.

Among the old acts we found an interesting document:
"The letter issued to the Jew Fishel Leibovich on the name of the Jewish clerk of the Volyn region, where the
position of the deputies of the Jewish Kagalov who gathered for seimik, in the town of Polonnoe. The letter contains specified relationships, large Kagals to secondary and ustnavlivaet guarantees of safety for the clerk. І705. September 10. "
The combination of Fischel and Leib names is of particular interest for the Goldfarb Family Tree, especially if it appears in 1705 in Volhynia (see Leib Vetka (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Itzhak, Aron Shmul branch))

Now a little about the history of Volhynia, where our ancestors came from.

Monument to Bogdan Khmelnitsky in Kiev

Synagogue in Zaslavl. Built at the end of the XVI century, it was included in the system of urban fortifications. In the second quarter of the seventeenth century, the famous rabbi Nathan Hannover taught, author of the work "Endless emery"

Nathan ben Moses Hanover (1610–1683) was a Jewish religious leader, haham, historian, talmudist, and kabbalist Rabbi in Yassach.

The title page of the first edition of the Nathan Hannover Chronicle "Bottomless Deepside" (Venice, 1653)

One of the most informative sources about the life of Jews and the events of 1648-49. In Ukraine and in particular in Volhynia of that time is Nathan Hannover's book " The Abyss of Despair"
Among the books of contemporaries "The Abyss of Despair" is the complete history of persecution of Jews and atrocities of Cossacks Bogdan Khmelnitsky. The author of the book Nathan Hanover was an orthodox rabbi and a Kabbalist. Nathan and his family lived in Zaslavl and miraculously escaped in 1648 during the atrocious pogroms of the Cossacks. After that, Nathan led a nomadic life - he lived in Prague, then in Italy (in Venice), where he studied Kabbalah, then went to Moravia, Hungarian Brody, where he was also a rabbi, here he died during pogroms on July 14, 1683 from Turkish bullet when he was praying in the synagogue.
Nathan Hanover outlines the sequence of events that led to the genocide of Jews in what was then Poland. "I called this book" The bottomless bottom, "since in this title there is a hint of a terrible disaster ..." - this is how Nathan Hanover himself writes about the book. He blames the tragedy not only of the Cossacks, but also of the Crimean Tatars who joined them in an alliance against Poland for the sake of profit. And here is how the author formulates the possibility of saving Jews: "And the Orthodox people said to them according to their custom: Whoever wants to stay alive, let him change his faith and let him write ... that he renounces Israel and his God."
The author describes the troubles caused by Bogdan Khmelnitsky's gangs in 1648-1652 in Ukraine, Lithuania and Poland. On May 26, 1648, a Polish army with two hetmans was captured. One of the Polish leaders, Prince Yarema Vishnevetsky, retreated with his army towards Lithuania, and together with him about 500 Jews fled, each with his wife and children. The same inhabitants of small towns that could not be escaped "died as martyrs died from various cruel and grave ways of killing ... There is no way in the world of a painful murder that they would not have applied; Used all four types of execution: stoning; burning; Killing and strangling. " Some of the Tatars were taken prisoner, women were raped and taken to concubines. Only a small part of the Jews escaped, taking Christianity under threat of death. Several communities surrendered to the Tatars and then they were redeemed from captivity, collecting money for this throughout Jewish Europe and Turkey. The author Nathan Hannover elaborates on the seizure of Nemiroff, Tulchin, Polonnoy, Zaslavl by the Cossacks. Much attention is paid to the courage and resistance of the Jews, the hostility of the peasants and the cases of the betrayal of the Poles.
The manifesto of Khmelnytsky called for the destruction of Poles and Jews. Against the Jews in the manifesto advanced charges were brought. Not only social confrontation and religious strife, but personal accounts of Khmelnytsky, who was at the head of a major uprising, tragically affected the fate of Ukrainian Jewry, which was subjected to mass extermination. The insurrection was accompanied by sophisticated cruelties towards the inhabitants of the captured cities. Particular hatred of the rebels was caused by Catholic priests, monks and Jews, who were routinely exterminated.
Many were captured and sold into slavery to the Crimean Tatars. At the end of 1648, the number of polones was so great that the prices fell unheard of: the Tatars changed the gentry to a horse, and the Jew to a pinch of tobacco. The second time the prices for slaves fell in the fall of 1654 to the spring of 1655. The 17th century was a time of terrible trials and upheavals for the Jewish people.

From the source: Bogdan Khmelnitsky and Jewish pogroms in Ukraine through the eyes of a contemporary
Read the book by Nathan Hanover "The Abyss of Despair" here:
1 PART - http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/rus10/Ganover/frametext1.htm
2 PART - http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/rus10/Ganover/frametext2.htm

After the conclusion of the Lublin Union and the formation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1569, Volhynia completely withdrew to the Polish Crown, in which the Volyn Voivodeship was formed. As a result of the partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795, Volhynia was annexed to the Russian Empire, where the Volhynia province was subsequently formed. The rest of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth moved to Prussia and Austria. This affected the types of surnames that were assigned to Jews in different states.

Map VOLYNSKAYA PROVINCE.

Volhynia province at the end of the 19th century.

Our ancestors in the 18th century.

Map of the uprising led by Bogdan Khmelnitsky 1648 - 1649

Map of the rebellion led by Zheleznyak
1768 (Koliivschina)

When you start looking for our ancestors on the territory, where they lived, you need to take into account the historical events of the 17-18 centuries. These events could significantly affect the place of residence of Jews in this territory. Especially it is necessary to pay attention to two such episodes: the uprising of the Zaporozhians of 1648 against Poland under the leadership of Bogdan Khmelnitsky and the Haidamatchina and koliivshchina in 1715, 1734, 1740, 1750 and 1768.
The massacre of the Jews 1648 - 1649 gg. Was arranged by Bogdan Khmelnitsky, the Ukrainian hetman, who led the uprising against Polish domination. Since many Jews served with the Polish nobles who owned the land in Ukraine, Khmelnitsky's wrath turned against the Jews. Khmelnytsky hated all Jews indiscriminately. It is believed that his Cossack detachments killed more than one hundred thousand Jews (at a time when the total number of Jewish population in this territory ranged from two hundred to three hundred thousand people). In other words, after Bogdan Khmelnitsky in places like Radomysl, Malin, Fastov, Zaslav, Korostyshev and Rzhishchev, there are practically no Jews left.
After Khmelnytscheny, the Jews slowly returned to these places, but in the middle of the 18th century the Haidamatchina rose. For example, In 1740, the revolt of the ataman rose. His troops were joined by peasants and small gentry, and they began to plunder cities and towns in the area of Bykhov, Krichev and Mstislavl. Vasko Voshchilo, who called himself "the great ataman" and "grandson of Bogdan Khmelnytsky," pointed out in his proclamations that the purpose of his uprising was not a rebellion against the government and the gentry, but "the extermination of the Jewish people and the defense of Christianity"; Detachments of Haidamaks ravaged Vinnitsa, Granov, Fastov, Uman, Radomysl , Letychiv, Moshny.
The testimony of captured Haidamaks is preserved. Cossack Andrei Sulyak said that in the places where he visited with his detachment, "there was not a single Jew, since the Zaporozhye Cossacks had visited earlier ..." Cossacks do not receive any salary, but they are allowed to rob Jews and llahs and kill First. " Cossack Petro Demjanovich showed that in Zhamekhov they found two repressed Jews on the banks of the river, in reeds, and they were killed. The Cossacks were amazed at the negligence of their predecessors, saying: "What kind of Cossacks are they, after the departure of which there are lyakhs, Jews and priests, after us there will be nothing left, they all will be killed."
Thus, the search for our ancestors in the beginning of the 18th century is necessary in places where Jews could survive these massacres. According to some sources, it can be established that the Haidamaks could not enter Ostrog, where at that time there were quite a lot of Jews.

Towns where anti-Jewish massacres took place. “THE ILLUSTRATED ATLAS OF JEWISH CIVILIZATION” by Josephine Bacon, 2003.

The census (revisionist tales) of the Ostrog Jews for 1795 is preserved. http://kehilalinks.jewishgen.org/ostroh/

Censuses of the Jewish population in the south-western region for 1765-1791:
http://www.pseudology.org/History/ArchiveYZRussii/5_02a.pdf :

Census of Jews in the Kremenetsky Povet, Volyn Voivodeship on January 2, 1765:

Zaslav
Old town 2047
New city 760
mistechko Bilogorodka 100
------------------------------------------------
City of Lanivtsi 60
------------------------------------------------
City of Kremenets 649

The document given here shows that in 1778 in the Zhytomyr Povet the Jews had no names. This document describes the Census of Jews in the Kiev and Zhytomyr Povetas of the Kiev Province.
For the production of this census, the following persons were appointed as examiners, the following persons from the Jews ...
... In the town of Radomysle: Usher Shmuilovich, Moshko Yankelevich and schoolboy Meer Abramovich ...
Source: Regest and inscriptions: Collection of materials for the history of Jews in Russia: (80 - 1800). T. 1-. - St. Petersburg: Society. For distribution. Enlightenment. Between the Jews in Russia, 1899-1913. - 27.
(1740 - 1799). - 1913. - VII, 369 s
http://dlib.rsl.ru/viewer/01003963165#?page=219

Viennese officials in the late 18th century. Realized that by combining two German roots one can obtain a large number of surnames that had to be appropriated for administrative purposes. The first part was chosen beautifully sounding German words, meaning precious metals, colors, flowers, sky, sun, etc. As the second part were taken topographical terms, words from the plant or art world. As a result, the surnames sounded like typical German:
GOLDFARB: the first part of GOLD is gold, the second part - FARBE - paint.

In the Russian Empire, the mandatoryity of hereditary surnames was introduced by the relevant article of the special "Statute on the Jews", approved by the Imperial Naming Decree of December 9, 1804. This article was supposed to be executed in two years, but in practice this was extremely slow, therefore the authorities were forced to introduce a new Regulation About the Jews, published in 1835.
The execution of the articles of these Regulations was entrusted to the Jewish kagal self-government, and after the dissolution of the kagals according to the law of 1844 it was decided that every Jew, head of the family, is declared by what name and surname he was recorded by revision, included in the family and alphabetical lists and should be named In passports and in all sorts of acts .... By a special law adopted in 1850, the Jews were forbidden to change their surname even when moving to another religion.

To understand the essence of the organic compounds that were imposed on Jews living on these territories, it is necessary to mention the Pale of Settlement.
On the Pale of Settlement in Russia. The Jewish population, living on the territory that had receded to the Russian Empire after the first partition of Poland (1772), was attributed to the petty-bourgeois and merchant estates and was given equal rights with the rest of the representatives of these estates. According to the Russian laws of that time, petty bourgeois and merchants could live only in cities and towns to which they were assigned, and were deprived of freedom of movement from one settlement to another.
As a result of the second and third sections of Poland (1793, 1795), new territories with a significant Jewish population moved to Russia. June 13, 1794 Catherine II issued a decree in which territories were listed where Jews were allowed to reside permanently: the Minsk, Izyaslav (subsequently Volyn), Bratslav (Podolskaya, see Podolia), Polotsk (Vitebsk), Mogilev, Kiev, Chernigov , Novgorod-Seversk gubernia, Ekaterinoslav provincial government and the Tauride region. After the third partition of Poland, two new provinces were formed from the lands annexed to Russia: Vilna and Grodno, in which Jews were allowed to live.
But already from the beginning of the 1820's. In the policy of the ruling circles of Russia, the Judeophobic tendencies grew stronger, and the Pale of Settlement began to decline gradually.
Despite such obvious economic harm for both Jews and the Christian population, during the reign of Nicholas I (1825-55) more and more places were taken from the territory of the Russian Empire, where Jews were allowed permanent residence. The conduct of such a policy was conditioned by the personal anti-Semitism of Nicholas I and his entourage. The very concept of the "Pale of Settlement" emerged during the reign of Nicholas I. The Pale of Settlement was one of the main tools of the Russian government in its policy towards the Jewish population: they tried to restrict the contacts of the Jewish population with Christians through the Pale of Settlement, to prevent Jews from entering the internal provinces of Russia , To isolate them from the peasants (in the exploitation of which, according to the Russian authorities, the Jews were guilty).
In 1867, the right of universal residence in Russia was granted to Jews who served in the army on recruitment kits, and members of their families. This right was reserved for the descendants of the soldiers of Nicholas.
In fact, in the Russian Empire there was another, parallel, "Pale of Settlement", although not officially named, ten provinces of the Kingdom of Poland. For a long time Jews residing in these regions of the Russian Empire were isolated from each other. Jews from the Pale of Settlement could not move to the Kingdom of Poland and vice versa. Only in 1868 was the abolition of this restriction, and Jews were allowed to move from the Pale of Settlement to the Kingdom of Poland and back.
In 1865, a law was enacted granting the right of universal residence to certain categories of Jewish artisans.

Przemysl and Lublin - the family nest of the GOLDFARB

Przemysl. State Archive.

After a careful study of historical and archival documents of the late XVIII century, we came to the conclusion that two cities can claim the title of the Goldfab Clan Nest: Lublin and Przemysl.
From Lublin, the Goldfarbes moved to Volyn.
Goldfarbes moved from Przemysl to the territory of the Ternopil region and further to the territory of the Odessa region.
Our research focused on the Goldfarb clan that appeared in Volyn from Lublin.

Goldfarb search results in the database “Jewish Records Indexing - Poland” are shown below:

The brown line shows the border after the third section of Poland in 1795.

Before the division of Poland in 1797, there were practically no Jews in Russia. At that time, the Jews lived in the Commonwealth, but there were not too many of them there either - Bogdan Khmelnitsky and Koliivshchyna destroyed most of them in the territory that later became Ukraine. That is, by 1797, when this territory was ceded to Russia, not very many Jews lived there.
On July 23, 1787, the Austrian emperor Joseph II issued a law according to which all Jews within the borders of the Habsburg empire were required to have permanent names.
According to law
1) "familyization" was supposed to end before January 1, 1788,
2) Jews were forbidden to take surnames by the name of the place of residence and form surnames from Hebrew words,
3) in all provinces of the empire, local authorities were responsible for the “last name”.

Тo the Jews were given surnames at the direction of the Austrian Emperor Joseph II from 1787 onwards. Just at that time, the surname Goldfarb appeared. In Russia, most Jews had no names. After 1804, Russia began to assign names to all Jews. These names were formed differently than in Austria. A detailed description of the “last name” in Austria can be found in the work of the Austrian writer Carl Emil Franzos (1888). (An excerpt from the article by A. Bader on the assignment of the names of the Jews of Galicia, published in the Dictionary of Jewish Surnames of the Kingdom of Poland.)
http://www.forum.j-roots.info/viewtopic.php?t=286
"... According to Franzosa, a special commission for the assignment of names consisted of a cavalry captain, lieutenant, auditor and two junior officers who moved from place to place, keeping the entire process under control ....
... Their work was regulated by special instructions.
Firstly, it was necessary to prevent Jews from adopting the generally accepted German surnames, i.e. advantage was given to the choice of unused
earlier surnames.
Secondly, each family living in a particular locality had to choose a name different from the names of other residents.
Who is in a particular family - was left to the discretion of the commission. This decision was based on the concept of "head of the house", and not on family ties in the generally accepted meaning. That is, unmarried children living in the parents' house received the same last name as the parents, but their married brothers living separately were required to choose a different name from their parents. In other cases, all family members living in the same house were required to take different surnames ....
The members of the commission kept lists of the adopted names. The document included information about the new owner of the last name (age, first name or nickname, names of family members, address, profession) and details about accepting the last name, for example, whether the last name was chosen independently ...

In total, until 1795, we found 10 records mentioning the Goldfarb name in Przemysl (in the database “Jewish Indexing Reports - Poland” (Jewish Records Indexing - Poland).
Until 1815, we found 39 records mentioning the name Goldfarb. Of these, 34 entries in Przemysl, 3 entries near Krakow and 2 in Volyn - Kremenets. That is, it can be assumed that our ancestors came from Przemysl. And after the partition of Poland, one Goldfarb family from Kremenets came to Russia.

On the territory of Russia, Jews were not allowed to move from one place to another until 1865.

It can also be added that after careful examination of the documents on the resettlement of Jews from rural areas in 1808 to the towns and cities of Ukraine, we found that the Jews of the Kievskaya and Volhynia gubernias had a very small percentage of surnames of Austrian origin. The following districts were viewed: Radomyselsky, Makhnovsky, Zvenigorodsky, Vasilkovsky, Tarashchansky, Umansky, Cherkassky, Kanevsky and others.
And since the name Goldfarb is not of Russian origin, the following is obtained:
In Volhynia after 1795 in the Revizki Tales of 1811 only one Goldfarb family was recorded, it was the family of the jeweller Aron Shmulka Goldfarb, who lived in the town of Berezetsy near Kremenets. Ibid in Kremenets in the Revizky Tales of 1811 is Leibke Goldfarb, who apparently was his close relative.
For the next fifty years, no new Goldfarb family was found. At the same time, a significant increase in the number of Goldfarb families is observed on the territory of the Austrian Commonwealth. The database for "Jewish records of indexing - Poland" for the period 1750 - 1939 has a total of 8019 records with the surname Goldfarb, of which only 21 records refer to the Volhynia province.

History of the Jews in Przemysl http://www.eleven.co.il/article/13360

PSHEMYSL (Przemysl), a city in Poland (from 1773 to 1918 - part of Austria). The Jewish community existed in Przemysl since 1367. In 1542, 18 Jewish families lived in the city. In the 16th century In Przemysl, the descendants of the Sephardic peoples expelled from Spain and Portugal settled. In 1559, King Sigismund II Augustus granted the Przemysl Jews a charter confirming their right to permanent residence in the city and allowing them to buy houses from Christians. In 1567, Stefan Batory issued a decree endowing the Jews of Przemysl with broad autonomy and determining the relations of the community with the government. In 1595 the tradesmen of Przemysl concluded an agreement with the Jews, according to which the latter, paying 600 Polish zlotys, were exempted from the tax on strengthening the city walls. At the end of the 16th century. many Jews of Przemysl began to be engaged in crafts, at the beginning of the 17th century. A workshop of Jewish tailors was established (see Tailoring). Economic competition from Jewish artisans reinforced the anti-Jewish sentiments of the townspeople of Przemysl. In 1628, anti-Jewish riots took place in the city, accompanied by looting. In 1630, the Jews of Przemysl were accused of visiting desecration; one of them was burned. Using the support of the authorities, the tradesmen in 1645 forced the community to enter into an agreement with them, sharply limiting the economic activities of Jewish artisans and merchants. The Jews of Przemysl did not suffer during the years of the uprising led by B. Khmelnitsky, or during the Polish-Swedish war. They actively participated in the defense of the city from both the Cossacks and the Swedish troops.
In the 17th century Przemysl community was the largest in Chervonnaya Rus (see Galicia); its representatives were in Wahad of the four lands. In the second half of the 17th century. the Jews of Przemysl were in a difficult situation because of the extraordinary military taxes that the community had to pay. In 1661 the Jews had to give a synagogue as a pledge to lenders-gentry. In the 18th century community debts increased even more: in 1773 they reached 141,750 zlotys. The attacks on the Jews continued: in 1746, the students of the Jesuit school looted and destroyed the synagogue. In 1756 the Jewish population of Przemysl was 2418 people. The situation of the Jews remained difficult after the accession of Przemysl to Austria. Until 1867 they were subject to high taxes. The authorities were hostile to the Hasidim (see Hasidism), which constituted the majority of the Jewish population of Przemysl. The autonomy of the community was curtailed; The authorities, supporting the Haskala supporters, forced the Jews to send their children to public schools.

William Faden. Map of The Third Partition of Poland 1795.
Historical map of the Third Section of Poland published in 1799 by the British publisher William Faden. This very detailed map shows the “dismemberment” of the former Polish-Lithuanian community (bordered by pink) into the Russian (beige), Prussian (yellow), and Austrian (green) sections.

Lubomeriae et Galliciae Regni Tabula Geographica (1775) F.L. Gussefeld, Nuremberg
Map of the Kingdoms of Lodomeria and Galicia. The map uses a mix of Latin, German, and Polish languages. Lviv is marked as Lwow, Leopol, and Lemberg. The the upper right corner has a decorative title cartouche with banners depicting the flags of the regions Przemysl, Belskie [Belz], Halics [Halisch], Rotrußland, Auschwitz, Zator, Krakau, Sandomir.

Russian scientist Andrei Gavrilovich Glagolev in 1823-1827 made the journey about which he wrote the report "Notes of the Russian traveler"

Jewelers from Peremysl and Lublin.

As a result of the genealogical reconstruction of the GOLDFARB family tree, we came to the conclusion that the Goldfarbes from Peremysl were associated with jewelry. Below are the arguments supporting this hypothesis:

The surname Goldfarb is translated from German as “golden paint” or “gilding”. In addition, the term "goldfarb" in the art still denotes a certain method of gilding, which is used for the application of matte gilding. Surname Goldfarb formed from the words relating directly to the jewelry business.
The assignment of surnames on Austrian territory began in 1787 and should have been completed in 1788, and in 1790 we already find archival records with the surname Goldfarb.
The revision fairy tales of 1811 recorded the Goldfarb family living in Volyn (Kremenets), which most likely appeared there from Lublin. Aron Shmul Itzhakovich Goldfarb was recorded there as a jeweler.

We can also add that in the reviz fairy tales of 1795 (Ostrog) there is the family of the jeweler Shmul Lezerovich (without a surname). The number of jewelers in Kremenets was insignificant (only 6 out of 3,000 Jews). Shmul Lezerovich could be a relative of Aron Shmul Goldfarb.

State Archive of the city of Przemysl

The oldest archival document, which recorded the death of one of the Goldfarb living in Przemysl in 1790.

State Archive of the city of Przemysl.
In this document in June 1790, an entry was made about the death of Salman Goldfarb. Age 14 years old, b. 1776.

Jewish jewelers
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/goldsmiths-and-silversmiths

Jewish jewelers are among the first Jews mentioned in Muslim Spain, and they are repeatedly mentioned there in subsequent centuries. In Christian Spain, Jewish jewelers were found in almost every significant city. They were hired by royal families and occupied their own row of stores in major cities, such as Tudela and Pamplona. In 1399, the Augustinian Eremites of Barcelona ordered framing of relics with silver from a Jewish artisan. ...
... In Bohemia-Moravia, gold and silver processing has been divorced as a flourishing craft among Jews since the 16th century. Emperor Rudolph II appointed Isaac Goldshayder (the “golden refiner”) at the head of Bohemian Jewry in 1560. He was followed by his son Jacob. Gold and silver master Abraham b. Moses Zoref ("jeweler") is mentioned in Venice in the early 18th century. The profession has become widespread, as evidenced by the frequent appearance of the name Zoref on the tombstones of Prague until 1740.
In the 18th century, Jewish jewelery was combined with the Jewish trade in precious stones and metals, concentrated in Amsterdam and Hamburg. The profession continued to develop. Among the Jews were eight jewelers who returned to Prague in 1749. Several families engaged in crafts for successive generations.
The “Enlightenment” and “Productive” Program of the Jews, implementing the laws of the Emperor * Joseph II, encouraged the practice of handicraft among Jews; A separate Jewish guild appeared in 1805 and lasted until the abolition of guilds in 1859. In 1804, 29 Jewish students were registered in Prague, and in 1830 there were 55 jewelers ...
... In Poland-Lithuania, Jews entered this craft when they entered others, as a result of the weakness of the guilds and the activities of the Jews in the private cities of the nobility. In 1664, Hirsch Elenovich was officially named the “golden master for his majesty” in Poland ...
... In Jewish art, in particular, the ornaments of Torah scrolls, mezuzah and similar religious objects were influenced by Christian artisans who did work for Jews, especially in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe in the early Middle Ages. Family names, such as Goldschmidt, Goldsmith, Goldsmid, (Goldfarb), Zoref or Soref, and Orefiche (Italian), usually indicate that at some point in their history, the family earned a living through gold ...

The world can not do without the masters ( https://www.liveinternet.ru/users/rinarozen/post218927140/)
In the story of Anna Fayn, “The Body of the Liora,” an old jeweler tells her grandson: “Have you ever thought about why God created our world? Why should He, He, after all, and so - perfection itself? Remember, Ben: His desire to create you and me is like a ring on a beautiful woman's finger. The ring adds nothing to her beauty, but for some reason she wears her jewelry. Jeweler's craft is the most Jewish of crafts. It reminds people of G-d. ”

"MOST JEWISH OF ALL CRAFTS"
... Jewish jewelers worked in many royal, princely, episcopal courts of Europe. The history has preserved the names of some of them: Moshe Yaakov from Perpignan (Spain) struck a chased pattern on the clock of the King of Aragon; famous silversmith Faberge company - St. Petersburg master Julius Rappoport.

On one of the best group portraits of Thomas de Keyser (Holland, 17th century), “Sindiki (ie elders)” of the Amsterdam Jewelers Workshop, are representatives of the powerful Jewish community of the capital of the Netherlands: jewelry at that time in Holland, and in other countries Europe, engaged in many Jews.

“When you walk along the narrow, crooked streets of the Old Town in Kamenets-Podolsky, you unwittingly marvel at the multitude of“ jewelry workshops ”that cling to every step of the old and dirty buildings that are densely populated by the Jewish poor. Here, under the weight of unemployment, the remnants of former Kamenets silversmiths and goldsmiths who once served the luxurious whims of the local gentry, supplied utensils and decorations for religious buildings and made things for Jewish ritual live under their weight, ”wrote the Ukrainian ethnographer Nina Kotsyubinskaya in 1930. This picture is typical for many European cities and towns.
According to the census of 1897, 5,263 Jews (43.6% of all professionals working in this field) and more than 1,200 jewelers-Jews worked in other cities of the Russian empire were engaged in jewelry crafts.
Jewish masters did not always put their stamps on the things they worked. Their gold products often went for the shop floor - much to the displeasure of non-Jewish colleagues. Often this became a cause for pogroms. Maer Balaban, in his book on Lviv Jews, says: “On July 27, 1601, pogrom-mongers ... broke into the silverworking workshop of Tevl on Jewish Street, destroyed all the tools and accessories, and injured the head and both hands of the old jeweler." Despite the persecutions, Jewish jewelry in Lviv maintained its position. According to a revision in 1708, there were 44 Jewish jewelers in the city and only 10 Christian jewelers.
“The gold affairs flourished among the Jews and in some families passed from generation to generation ... There are still some techniques left in the Jewish goldsmiths of Lviv, the secret of which was considered lost,” wrote the historian of Polish decorative art Vladislav Lozinsky.
Very many works of Jewish masters died in wars and in the plundering of houses and synagogues: only precious metal attracted marauders. For this reason, and also because of the collapse of the Jewish communities of Europe by the middle of the 20th century. Jewish jewelery traditions have been lost. But in the meantime, a new center of Jewish art emerged: in the one created at the beginning of the 20th century. in Jerusalem, the Bezalel School of Arts and Crafts, artists, under the leadership of Boris Szatz, a native of Russia, worked to develop a national style, creating, in particular, traditional silver items. But that's another story ...

Photos of Przemysl

The photos of Przemysl are given on our website are found in the following sources:
http://kehilalinks.jewishgen.org/Przemysl/photos/photos.shtml
https://frp.com.pl/zydowskie-miasto,a-65.html
http://www.fajnyprzemysl.pl/synagogi/stara-synagoga/

Przemysl. General view. Around 1920.

Przemysl. General view.

Przemysl. City Court Building.

Synagogue "Alte"

Przemysl. Synagogue "Alte"

The synagogue "Alte" was opened in 1594, replacing the existing wooden structure. The building was designed by Italian builder fortifications BONONI. Damaged in 1939, when the Germans retreated from the right bank of the San River, it was destroyed in 1941. Alte was a synagogue for Orthodox Jews.

Temple

Przemysl. Temple.

"Tempel" is a reformist (progressive) synagogue created in 1890. According to the Gazeta Przemyski, on September 18, 1890, during the opening ceremony, the church was “filled with public and invited guests, including the headman, Mr. Goretsky [... and] the mayor of the city, Dr. A. Dvorsky, and several council members as representatives of the local community.
The interior of the temple, made as a rectangle, shows itself very well, because its decorative style, frescoes, balustrade of the female gallery, and plaster on the ceiling are combined as a harmonious whole, pleasing to the eyes. The place where the Torah is kept deserves special attention, since it is an oriental portico made by the artist in the workshop of Mr. MAYERSKI. Mr. MAYERSKI also sculptured the balustrade of the women's gallery and created a plasterboard-style plasterboard ceiling. The iron balustrade surrounding the elevation in front of the Torah was made by a locksmith's workshop by Mr. BORKOVSKI, the candlesticks of Mr. MINERALY’s studio, concrete slabs in two colors covering the floor were provided by a local concrete products factory of Mr. YANOCH and partners ".

Synagogue Scheinbach

The stained glasses in the new (Scheinbach) Synagogue.

Przemysl. Synagogue Scheinbach (now the town library).

Synagogue Zasani

Przemysl. Synagogue Zasani.

Przemysl. View from Zasani.

The synagogue of Zasani, located on the street Grunwald in Zasani (on the eastern bank of the San river), opened in 1892. After World War II, this building was used as a city bus station, but is now empty. Efforts are being made to turn this large building into a center for the artists of Przemysl. The plan is to place a permanent exhibition of photographs and texts of the history of the Jews of Przemysl and name the building of the famous Jewish artist Przemysl. This project is driven by the efforts of John J. Hartman and the organization he founded, Memory and Reconciliation.

Przemysl. Old Jewish cemetery

View of Przemysl from the old Jewish cemetery.

Originally, there were two Jewish cemeteries in Przemysl - the “old” and the “new”. The old cemetery was completely destroyed. It was located on Szaszkiewicza Street, which no longer exists on the map of Przemysl.

Przemysl. Remains of Jewish community buildings in the cemetery.

Przemysl. Market Square, circa 1915.

Map of the Jewish Przemysl.

Translation of the key on the upper left:

Zasanie Synagogue
The Temple
Kahat - Community congregation
Klaus Synagogue
The Alte (Old) Synagogue
Bath house
House of Study
Scheinbach Synagogue (now the town library)

Only the Zasanie and the Scheinbach Synagogues are still standing.

In order to revive a few photos of Przemysl, we decided to add these photos to the map of the Jewish Przemysl.

Przemysl (1779-1783). Map of Galicia - The First Military Survey.

Przemysl (1861–1864). Map of Galicia and Bukovina - The Second Military Survey of the Hamburg Empire.

Przemysl (1869-1887). Map of Galicia - The Third Military Survey of the Hamburg Empire (1: 25000).

Another direction in our search was the search for metric books (records of births, marriages and deaths) of the Izyaslav and Belogorodka Rabbinates. We managed to establish that such books should be stored in the funds of the State Archives of Khmelnitsky and Zhytomyr regions. But in the annotated registers of these archives we found only the following funds:

"F. 277, Rabbinate of the Podolsky and Volhynia provinces "in the archives of the Khmelnytsky region
"F.67, Rabbinate of Volhynia and of Kiev Gubernias" in the archives of Zhytomyr region.

Unfortunately, in these funds the metric books of the Izyaslavsky or Belogorodka Rabbis are not listed.
Here is what is written in the foreword to the guidebook of the State Archive of Khmelnitsky region:
"... In accordance with the decision of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR on July 6, 1941, the work of the regional state archive was changed taking into account the wartime conditions. With great difficulty, it was possible to evacuate to the city of Rostov-on-Don only documents of the regional executive committee, regional planning commission, regional state administration, The Committee for Physical Education and Sports, the regional departments of trade, social security and roads, and these funds were returned to the archive in 1947. During the temporary Nazi occupation of the region, all the funds (230 pieces) of the Proskurovsky Historic archives were destroyed. The invaders completely destroyed the documents of the regional archives, the Germans took many of the archive files from the region, leaving two dilapidated archives .... "
The search in various Yad Vashem bases, Jewish Gen, "Memory of the People in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945", discovered several more Goldfarb families in Volhynia. Below is a list of these families.

Izyaslav:

Moyshe Goldfarb was born before 1853, he had a wife Shai Lieber, his father was called Dov Ber who lived until 1833.
Abraham Goldfarb born in 1864, he had a son Yakov born in 1902.
Peisah Goldfarb, born before 1900, he had a son Mikhail born in 1921.
Srul Goldfarb, lived until 1879, he had a wife Yenta and two sons Joel, born in 1905 and Shimon, born in 1910.
Two brothers Aron Goldfarb, born in 1887 and Joseph Goldfarb, born in 1873.
Joseph Goldfarb born in 1888, he had three sons: Hirsch, born in 1907, Hertz, born in 1920, and Ikhil, born in 1920.

Shepitovka:

Yitzhak Goldfarb, born around 1858, his wife Sarah was born around 1860, and two children:
Son Yankel, born in 1882, and daughter Ita, born in 1888.
Yankel Goldfarb, born in in 1882, was married to Scheidel and had four children:

Daughter Sima, born in 1933, son Vladimir, born in 1923, son Froike (Fima), born in 1927, son Heil Leib, born in 1929.

We managed to find Fima Goldfarb in Israel, we contacted him through his son David Goldfarb, but the question of kinship did not become clear, because Fima is 89 years old and he could not add anything of value due to his advanced age.
Goldfarbs from Izyaslav can’t be easily identified among our relatives. According to the memoirs of Mifa Fuks, the daughter of Aizik Goldfarb, who lived in Izyaslav for many years after the war, she does not remember even a hint that Aizik or Sarah, his wife, mentioned any relatives living in Izyaslav.
Although we need to understand that these memories could depend on the circumstances of the time. It was the time of Stalin's repression and millions of people were afraid of everything. The fact that your grandfather was born and lived in Poland and you had relatives there could silence the whole family about this matter. It was a terrible time, as can be seen from the story of Ilia Goldfarb.

Articles 581, the Criminal Code of the RSFSR of 1922, in the wording of 1926, established responsibility for counterrevolutionary activity. Canceled in 1961.

"... 58-1c. In case of escape or flight abroad of a serviceman, the adult members of his family, if they contributed anything to the upcoming or committed treason, or at least knew about it, but did not bring it to the attention of the authorities, are punished - Imprisonment for a term of 5 to 10 years with the confiscation of all property.
The remaining adult members of the traitor's family who lived with him or were dependent on him by the time the crime was committed are subject to deprivation of electoral rights and exile to remote areas of Siberia for 5 years ... "

Newspapers with photographs of Stalin.
Ilia Goldfarb

In 1986, after the death of my uncle Isaac Grober, I helped to clean up my Aunt Ella's apartment. She was left alone and decided to move with my mother (her sister) Faina. Ella and Isaac lived in their one-room apartment on Syrets (district of Kiev) for about 20 years. Many different interesting things tend to accumulate over a long life. Among these things, I found 6 or 7 stacks of old newspapers, each of them having different photos of Stalin. More than 30 years have passed since the death of Stalin and I naturally had a question: who and why so carefully kept these newspapers? I started pestering my Aunt Elle with this question. She waved her hand and did not want to answer. But I insisted for a few days and she agreed to share the reason. During the Stalin’s repressions, there were all sorts of terrible stories circulating, mentioning things for which you could be arrested and get a term in the camps. One of them mentioned the case of someone using the newspaper in the toilet for cleaning (there was no toilet paper). On the page of this newspaper was printed a photograph of Stalin. A neighbour in the communal apartment of this man reported on his neighbour to the authorities and the man was arrested. According to Ella's stories, my uncle Isaac tried not to throw out the pages of newspapers with pictures of Stalin, and during his life, they gathered a lot of newspapers. But the most surprising thing is that he continued to keep these newspapers until his death. According to my aunt Ella, he anticipated that these times will return again.

A generalization of all of the above led us to the conclusion that the great-grandfather of Aron-Shmul Itskovich Goldfarb (1756) and grandfather of El Goldfarb (~ 1740) - Aron (born before 1650) could be the founder of our clan GOLDFARBOV. We also found a reference to the birth of Leib Goldfarb in one of the metric books of the shtetel Kremenets, the record indicates Lanovtsy as the place of residence of his father Hersh and mother Feiga. Since in 1891 there were not so many Goldfarb families in Volhynia, there is a high probability that this Leib was our relative. He could marry our grandmother in Belogorodka in the 1910s and start a family there. Of all the surviving records in Volhynia, we found only another Leib born in 1856 and died in 1884. This Leib could not have been our grandfather.

State Archive of the city of Przemysl

Archival documents confirming the validity of the above Goldfarb chart.

Descendants of Leib (Goldfarb Family Tree)

Family of Moshko Leibovich Goldfarb (1759 - 1829)( Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Moshko branch)

State Archive of the city of Siedlce.
Fund 196.
In this document in 1829 a record was made of the death of Moshko Leibovich Goldfarb, age 70 years old (born 1759), in the town of Mordy, and where his father Leib Goldfarb, his wife Zyslia and his son Khaskel Goldfarb age 40 years old(born 1789) are mentioned.

Elazer Branch (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib)

Family of Elazer Goldfarb (c. 1735)( Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Elazer branch)

State Archive of the city of Przemysl.
In this document, in November 1810, the death of Sima Goldfarb (the wife of Elazer Goldfarb) was 70 years old,
born 1740.

State Archive of the city of Przemysl.
In this document, in January 1791, Moses Goldfarb (the boy) was born.
Father - Elaser Goldfarb,
Mother - Sima.

State Archive of the city of Przemysl.
In this document in 1813, the birth of Sime Goldfarb (girl, Elazer Goldfarb's granddaughter) was recorded.
Father - Moses Goldfarb,
Mother - Rachel.

State Archive of the city of Przemysl.
This document recorded in January 1823 the death of Osias (Ovsey) Goldfarb. Age 1 year, p. in 1822

State Archive of the city of Przemysl.
In this document, in October 1847, a record was made of the death of Jacob Goldfarb. Age 36 years old, b. 1811.

Family of Daniel Goldfarb (1750-1800)( Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Elazer branch)

State Archive of the city of Przemysl.
In this document in November 1800, an entry was made about the death of Daniel Goldfarb. Age 50 years old, born in 1750.

State Archive of the city of Przemysl.
In this document in January 1806, an entry was made about the death of Dina Goldfarb. Age 49 years old, born in 1757.

Family of Saul Goldfarb (1784)( Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Elazer branch)

State Archive of the city of Przemysl.
In this document, in May 1802, a marriage record was made:
Saul Goldfarb, age 18 years old, born in 1784
and
Leya Sendnaus, age 16 years old, born in 1786.

State Archive of the city of Przemysl.
In this document in November 1815, the birth of Khaim Goldfarb (the boy) was recorded.
Father - Saul Goldfarb,
Mother - Leya.

Family of Yosef Goldfarb (1817) ( Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Elazer branch)

State Archive of the city of Przemysl.
In this document on November 16, 1854, the birth of Leib Goldfarb (a boy) was recorded.
Father - Yosef Goldfarb,
Mother is Freuda.

Family of Abraham-Moisey Yosevich Goldfarb (1846) ( Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Elazer branch)

State Archive of the city of Przemysl.
In this document in March 1895 a record was made of the marriage of Abraham-Moisey Yosifovich Goldfarb (born in 1846) and Leia Parmis (born in 1846),
As well
About the marriage of his son Saul Abraham-Moiseevich Goldfarb (born in 1870) and Leah Rirnberg (born in 1869)

Family of Lev Goldfarb ( ~1755)( Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Elazer branch)

State Archive of the city of Przemysl.
In this document in 1827, the death of Mindl Goldfarb (the wife of Lev Goldfarb) was recorded. Age 71 years old, b. 1756.

State Archive of the city of Przemysl.
In this document in April 1792, the birth of Khana Goldfarb (girl) was recorded.
Father - Lev Goldfarb,
Mother - Mindl.

State Archive of the city of Przemysl.
In this document in November 1794, the birth of Rebeca Goldfarb (girl) was recorded.
Father - Lev Goldfarb,
Mother - Mindl.

State Archive of the city of Przemysl.
In this document in April 1797 an entry was made about the death of Rebeca Goldfarb. Age 4 years old, b. 1794.

State Archive of the city of Przemysl
In this document in March 1802, the birth of Daniel Goldfarb (boy) was recorded.
Father - Lev Goldfarb,
Mother -? .

State Archive of the city of Przemysl.
In this document in July 1806, the birth of Dina Goldfarb (girl) was recorded.
Father - Lev Goldfarb,
Mother - Neha

Family of Perts Goldfarb (~ 1790)( Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Elazer branch)

State Archive of the Ternopil region.
Revisionary tales about Jews Volyn province for 1811.
In this document of 1811, the family of our family member, Elozer Goldfarb, appears among male Jews, the age ?, living in the town of Vyshgorodok.
Elozer's son:
Perts, age ? years old.

State Archive of the Ternopil region.
Revisionary tales about Jews Volyn province for 1816.
In this document of 1816, the family of our relatives, Perts Goldfarb, is listed among male Jews, age ?, living in the town of Vyshgorodok.
Eloser his father
Perts's son:
Avraham, age ? years old.

State Archive of the Ternopil region.
Revisionary tales about Jews Volyn province for 1816.
In this document of 1816, among the female Jews, is listed Perts Lazarevich Goldfarb’s wife, Leya, age ?, living in the town of Vyshgorodok.

State Archive of the Ternopil region.
Revision tales of the Jews of Volyn province for 1834.
In this document, dated April 15, 1834, the family of our relative Luser Pertsovich Goldfarb appears among male Jews, age 42, according to the revision of 1816, died in 1831, living in the city of Vyshgorodok.
Luser son:
Avram, age 26 years old, b. in 1808,
Abram's sons:
Chaim Moishe, age 7 years old, b. in 1827
Perts, age 4 years, b. in 1830

Among female Jews appears
Luser’s daughter:
Ronia, age 18 years old, b. in 1826
Abram’s wife - Livsha, age 26 years old, b. in 1808,
Abram's daughter:
Leia, age 3 years old, b. in 1831
Etia, age 1 year, b. in 1833

Moshko Branch (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib)

Family of Moshko Leibovich Goldfarb (1759 - 1829)( Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Moshko branch)

State Archive of the city of Siedlce.
Fund 196.
In this document in 1829 a record was made of the death of Moshko Leibovich Goldfarb, age 70 years old (born 1759), in the town of Mordy, and where his father Leib Goldfarb, his daughter-in-law Zyslia and his son Khaskel Goldfarb age 40 years old(born 1789) are mentioned.

Family of Nukhim-Ber Moshkovich Goldfarb (1791)( Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Moshko branch)

State Archive of the city of Siedlce.
Fund 196.
In this document in 1827 a record was made of the death of Leib Nukhim-Berkovich Goldfarb, age 1 year old (born 1826), in the town of Mordy, and where his father Nukhim-Ber Goldfarb, his mother Zyslia are mentioned.

Family of Khaskel Moshkovich Goldfarb (1789)( Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Moshko branch)

State Archive of the city of Siedlce.
Fund 196.
In this document in 1837 a record was made of the death of Moshko Khaskelevich Goldfarb, age 1 year old (born 1836), in the town of Mordy, and where his father Khaskel Moshkovich Goldfarb age 45 years old (born 1792), his mother Ruhlia are mentioned.

Family of Yankel Moshkovich Goldfarb (1786 - 1850)( Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Moshko branch)

State Archive of the city of Siedlce.
Fund 196.
In this document in 1850 a record was made of the death of Yankel Moshkovich Goldfarb, age 64 years old (born 1786), in the town of Mordy, and where his father Moshko Goldfarb, his wife Beila age 40 years old (born 1810)and his daughter Ruhlia Goldfarb are mentioned.

Nakhman Branch (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib)

We assume that Shloma had two sons: Nakhman and David.

Family of Nakhman Duvidovich (1779) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Nakhman branch)

State Archive of the city of Lublin.
Fund 1753.
In this document, in 1828, a record was made of the death of Nakhman Davidovich Goldfarb, 49 years old (born 1779), in the city of Lublin, where his wife Sura, 42 years old (born 1786) and his daughters Hendl-Fremer, Dina-Hes, Hitl and Hinder are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Lublin.
Fund 1753.
In this document, in 1828, a record was made of the death of Handle-Fermet Goldfarb, 1 year old (born 1827), in the city of Lublin, where her father Nakhman and mother Sura Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Lublin.
Fund 1858.
In this document, in 1823, the birth of Haya-Sheidl Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Lublin, where her father Nakhman Davidovich and mother Sura Meerovna Goldfarb are mentioned.

Family of Ovadia Shlomovich (1745) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Nakhman branch)

- Fund 118 Inventory 14 Case 337.
Revision tales of the Jews of Zhytomyr and Chudnovsky counties and different classes of the Volyn province. 1795 year.
The village of Draniki.
In this document dated 1795, the family of our relative Ovadia Shlomovich, 50 years old (born in 1745), who had a wife Guda, 50 years old (born in 1745), where he is recorded as leaseholder in the village of Draniki.
They have sons
Leibka 10 years old (born in 1785)
Itsko 24 years old (1771)
His wife Haya is 18 years old (b. 1777)
They have a daughter, Manya, 2 years old (born in 1793)

We assume that Ovadia Shlomovich had two more sons, Srul and Nakhman.
About the place Chernyakhov in more detail see below.

Family of Srul Evadevich (1774) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Nakhman branch)

- Fund 118 Inventory 14 Case 337.
Revision tales of the Jews of Zhytomyr and Chudnovsky counties and different classes of the Volyn province. 1795 year.
Rudnia Driglovska
In this document dated 1795, the family of our relative Srul Evadovich, 21 years old (born in 1774), who had a wife Rivka, 19 years old (born in 1776), where it is recorded as Shinkar in Rudnia Driglovska.
They have a daughter, Khaya, 6 months (born 1795)

Family of Nakhman Evadovich Goldfarb (1751 - 1827) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Nakhman branch)

- Fund 118 Inventory 14 Case 95, No. 107.
Revision Tale of 1834, Volyn Province of the City of Zhytomyr about male merchants, Guilds, and Petty Bourgeois Jews. (805p.)
In this document, dated April 29, 1834, the family of our relative Nakhman Evedovich Goldfarb appears among male Jews.
Age 65 years, according to the revision of 1816, b. in 1751, died in 1827
His son Gershon, age 40, according to the revision of 1816, b. in 1776, died in 1820

Family of David-Leib Gershkovich Goldfarb (1792 - 1820) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Nakhman branch)

- Fund 118 Inventory 14 Case 95, No. 108.
Revision Tale of 1834, Volyn Province of the City of Zhytomyr about male merchants, Guilds, and Petty Bourgeois Jews. (805p.)
In this document dated April 29, 1834, the family of our relative, David-Leib Gershkovich Goldfarb, appears among male Jews.
Age 24 years, according to the revision of 1816, b. in 1792, died in 1820
His sons:
1) Moshko-Gersh, age 26 years old, b. in 1808,
2) Yankel-Meer, age 20 years old, b. in 1814,
3) Nukhim, age 16 years old, b. in 1818
His wife Frima, age 40, b. in 1794,
his daughter Dvosya-Liba, age 15, b. in 1819

Family of Moshko-Gersh Duvid-Leibovich Goldfarb (1808) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Nakhman branch)

- Fund 118 Inventory 14 Case 53, No. 1200.
Revision Tale of 1850, Volyn Province of the City of Zhytomyr about Petty Bourgeois Jews. (1045p.)
In this document of October 25, 1850, the family of our relative Moshko-Gersh Duvid-Leibovich Goldfarb appears among male Jews.
Born in 1808, died in 1835
His 1st brother: Yankel-Meer, age 36 years old, b. in 1814
Yankel-Meer's son:
Srul, age 10 years, b. in 1840
His 2nd brother: Nukhim, 32 years old, b. in 1818
Nuhima's son:
Faibish, age 3 years old, b. in 1847
Among female Jews appears
Moshko-Gersh's wife - Frima Volkovna, age 56 years old, b. in 1794
Yankel-Meera's wife - Basia Rivka, age 31, b. in 1819
Yankel-Meer's daughters:
Golda-Stysya, age 7 years old, b. in 1853
Michael-Reyza, age 4 years old, b. in 1856
Nukhima's wife - Sura-Rivka Yosevna, age 26 years old, b. in 1824

Nukhim Duvid-Leibovich had three sons Faibish (1847), Shmerko (1863) and Duvid (~ 1867)

Family Shmerko Nukhimovich Goldfarb (1863) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Nakhman branch)

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 475.
The metric book of the synagogue of Zhytomyr. Marriage. 1876-1883 years. 593p.
In this document, dated December 16, 1882, the family of our relative Shmerko Nusanovich Goldfarb (born in 1863), who married Dubna's bourgeoisie Rifka Yitzhak-Aizikovna (born in 1865), appears among male Jews.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 685.
Alphabet of the Metric books of the Zhytomyr synagogue. Death. 1891-1903 years. 281 p.
In this document of 1903, a record was made of the death of our relative, Yos Goldfarb (? Born).
Where is his mother Rifka Goldfarb mentioned.

Family of Duvid Nukhimovich Goldfarb (~ 1867) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Nakhman branch)

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 519.
The metric book of the synagogue of Zhytomyr. Birth. 1887-1888 years. 593 p.
In this document dated April 12, 1887, the family of our relative, Duvid Nukhimovich Goldfarb, appears among male Jews, whose daughter Crane was born.
Mother Sura-Feiga Shlemovna.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 686.
Alphabet of the Metric books of the Zhytomyr synagogue. Death. 1904-1920 years. 423 p.
In this document of 1909, a record was made of the death of our relative Leiser-Nukhim Davidovich Goldfarb (? Born).

Family of Faibish Nukhimovich Goldfarb (1847) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Nakhman branch)

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 690.
Alphabet of the Metric books of the Zhytomyr synagogue. Divorces. 1860-1914 years. 238 p.
In this document from 1896, the family of our relative Menasiy Fabyamovich Goldfarb (? Born), who divorced Sima (? Born), appears among male Jews.

Family of Yankel-Meer Duvid-Leibovich Goldfarb (1814) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Ovsey branch)

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 475.
Metric book of Zhytomyr's synagogue. Marriage. 1876-1883 years. 593 p.
In this document, dated May 27, 1876, the family of our relative Freuda Yankel-Meerovna Goldfarb (born 1855),appears among the female Jews, who married Berdichev's petty bourgeois Mordko-Kelman Yrufovich Gruoyg (1850).

Family of Srul Yankelevich Goldfarb (183?) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Nakhman branch)

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 462.
Metric book of Zhytomyr's synagogue. Birth. 1877-1879_years 660 p.
In this document, dated October 11, 1879, the family of our relative Srul Yankelevich Goldfarb,appears among male Jews, whose son Moshe-Shloma was born,
Mother Perel Itskovna.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 685.
Alphabet of the Metric books of the Zhytomyr synagogue. Death. 1891-1903 years. 281 p.
This document from 1893 records the death of our relative, Shloma Srulevich Goldfarb (1879-1893).

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 463.
Metric book of Zhytomyr's synagogue. Birth. 1880-1882 years 581 p.
In this document, dated June 13, 1882, the family of our relative Srul Yankelevich Goldfarb,appeared among male Jews, who had a son, Moyshe-Itkhok.
Mother Perel Itskovna.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 460.
The metric book of the synagogue of Zhytomyr. Birth. 1872-1874 years. 455 p.
In this document, dated August 20, 1874, the family of our relative Srul Yankel-Meerovich Goldfarb appears among male Jews, whose son Yontel was born.
Mother Perel Itskovna.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 462.
Metric book of Zhytomyr's synagogue. Birth. 1877-1879 years 660 p.
In this document dated October 11, 1879, the family of our relative Srul Yankelevich Goldfarb,appears among male Jews, whose son Yakov was born,
Mother Perel Itskovna

At the Jewish cemetery of Zhitomir is the tomb of Ida Yakovlevna Goldfarb (1887-1964) in all probability the daughter of Yakov Srulevich Goldfarb.

Family of Leib Yankel-Meerovich Goldfarb (1876) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Nakhman branch)

Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 547 and 548.
Alphabetical lists of metric books of the Zhytomyr synagogue about birth. 1873-1878 and 1875-1882.
In these documents of 1876, the birth of our relative Leib Goldfarb is mentioned.
Parents:
Father - Yankel-Meer Duvidovich Goldfarb
Mother - Pesya Yos-Berkovna

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 649.
Metric book of Zhytomyr's synagogue. Marriages 1899-1900. 230 p.
In this document dated July 24, 1900, the family of our relative Leib Yankel-Meerovich Goldfarb (born 1876), appears among male Jews, who married the girl Leya Leuzerovna Vugshtein (1878).

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 569.
Metric book of Zhytomyr's synagogue. Birth. 1901. 306 p.
In this document, dated April 9, 1901, the family of our relative Leib Yankel-Meerovich Goldfarb,is among the male Jews, whose daughter Zelda was born,
Mother Leya Leyzerovna.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 570.
Metric book of Zhytomyr's synagogue. Birth. 1902 271 p.
In this document dated October 7, 1902, the family of our relative Leib Yankel-Meerovich Goldfarb,is among the male Jews, whose son Leyser was born.
Mother Leya Leyzerovna.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 572.
Metric book of Zhytomyr's synagogue. Birth. 1904. 343 p.
In this document dated November 7, 1904, the family of our relative Leib Yankel-Meerovich Goldfarb, is among the male Jews, whose son Avrum was born.
Mother Leya Leyzerovna.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 575.
Metric book of Zhytomyr's synagogue. Birth. 1907. (300 p.)
In this document dated January 10, 1907, the family of our relative Leib Yankel-Meerovich Goldfarb, is among the male Jews, whose son Yakov was born.
Mother Leya Leyzerovna.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 683.
Alphabet of the Metric books of the Zhytomyr synagogue. Birth. 1907-1920 years. 480 p.
This document from 1909 records the birth of our relative Peysakh Goldfarb. Father - Leib Yankel-Meerovich Goldfarb.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 683.
Alphabet of the Metric books of the Zhytomyr synagogue. Birth. 1907-1920 years. 480 p.
This document from 1911 records the birth of our relative Zelman Goldfarb. Father- Leib Yankel-Meerovich Goldfarb.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 683.
Alphabet of the Metric books of the Zhytomyr synagogue. Birth. 1907-1920 years. 480 p.
This document from 1914 records the birth of our relative, Muni Goldfarb. Father - Leib Yankel-Meerovich Goldfarb.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 683.
Alphabet of the Metric books of the Zhytomyr synagogue. Birth. 1907-1920 years. 480 p.
This document from 1917 records the birth of our relative Sheina Goldfarb. Father - Leib Yankel-Meerovich Goldfarb.

Goldfarbs from Staszow and Tarnow.

Staszow

The Jewish Population
https://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/staszow/sta025.html
The first Jewish settlement in Staszów took place when the village turned into a township, in 1526. Right from the start there was an organized community belonging within the framework of Jewish autonomy in the District of Kraków-Sandomierz.. This unit also included the districts of Opatów, Szydlów, Chęciny, Pinczów and Wodzisław.
The community of Staszów was included in the district of Szydlów, together with the following communities: Szydlów, Tarnów, Rimanów, Zmigrod, Dukla, Nowo Miesto, Chmielnik, Pacanów, Oleśnica, Żabno, Dabrowa, Stopnica, Połaniec, Bogoria, Raków, Wiślica, Kurozwęki.

Many years after having settled down, the community encountered a heavy crisis. In the year 1610 the Jewish community fell victim to a blood libel. As a result of the trial all the Jews were expelled from the town.
In the trial, the Jew Samuel of Staszów was accused of kidnapping a Christian boy, son of Jan Kówal, while he was playing in the sands, and passing him over to the Jews of Szydlów, where he was supposedly tortured for the purpose of getting blood for matzot. The Jews of Staszów and Szydlów, arrested under Tenzinski's orders, were slaughtered, and their bodies thrown to the winds. Samuel's daughter was ordered by Tenzinski to convert to Christianity and Jewish property was confiscated to be used for the construction of the church gable. The Christian boy's body was buried in the church of Jacek. On his grave the following epitaph was engraved:
“Joannis Kowal i Suzannae Nierychłowska civium Staszoviensium filius; cujus vox sanguinis vindictam clamat, ut judaei nominis christiani hostes pellantur Staszovia”.
(The blood of the son of Staszów's citizens, Joannis Kówal and Susanna Nierychłowska, calls for revenge, that Staszów's Jewry, foes of the Christian name, should be expelled from Staszów.)

The Jews were repatriated to Staszów only 80 years later in 1690, following an appeal of the Staroste (Prefect) of Nowo Miesto, Oplinski, to the Jews to return to Staszów. The legend says that he was punished for this deed of infidelity and all his children died. Oplinski himself died in 1704.
After the return of the Jews to Staszów, the Jewish community grew so in numbers that they were again able to establish an organized community. In the 17th century, the family Landau occupied the rabbinical chair of Staszów. Rabbi Yehuda Lev Landau, from Szydlów, was chosen as Rabbi of Kraków, and Samuel, one of his five sons, was chosen head of the Staszów community, serving also as its rabbi.
In the year 1714, when the Gaon Zvi Hirsch Ashkenazi - the Chachem Zvi - (1660-1718) was obliged to leave his rabbinical chair in Amsterdam, because of the dispute with the rabbi of the Sephardic community, Rabbi Shlomo Ilan, and to return to Poland, he came to Apt (Opatów) to live in the home of his father-in-law. Shortly afterward there was a great fire and he had to leave the house.
On this occasion he became acquainted with the court agent of the nobleman Sienawski, with the landowners of Staszów, and with Rabbi Israel of Rytwiany, who invited him to make his home either in Staszów or in Rytwiany. Thus the Chachem Zvi settled in Rytwiany, near Staszów ,and stayed there until he was offered the Rabbinate of Lwów.

In 1718 the Jews received permission from Staszów owner, Elizabeta Sienawski, to settle in Staszów. They were granted the right to build a synagogue and establish a cemetery, the two basics of every community. After the scroll of privileges was burnt by a fire in the city, the community requested from Prince Alexander Czartoryski, husband of Elizabeta, that he issues a renewed confirmation of rights. And so, in 1772, a new paper, called the “Letter of Existence”, was issued by the Prince. [See complete transcription in Appendix II ]. This document stated the following rights of Jews:

To keep, in the past as well as in the future, a synagogue and a cemetery, without any hindrances on the part of the Church.
To deal in artisanship and commerce of any kind, without any hindrances on the part of the Guilds (cechy) and without any commitment to pay them licensing fees, pending payment of taxes due to the town authorities.
To brew beer and distill malt subject to taxes, and to produce alcoholic drinks, without any financial commitment to the guilds.
The bakers and butchers are entitled to slaughter beef and to sell their merchandise against payment of the usual fees for commerce.
To hold trials at the Rabbinical court. Trials between Jews and Gentiles will be held according to the old custom, at combined courts of law; the same goes for courts of appeal before the authorities of the town owners.
The taxes and payments for the needs of the town are to be imposed in a just way, according to the number of Jews and Gentiles residing in the town.

This “Letter of Existence” was endorsed by the town owners after 1772 and in 1797 was registered in the archives of Sandomierz.In the first half of the 18th century the Jews of Staszów had commercial contacts with the Breslau Fair. It is known that the merchant, Leibl Gerstel, visited there in the year 1725.
A census done in 1764, counted 607 Jews aged over one year. Supposing that each family counts 4 to 5 members, there were about 104 family heads.
Twenty thereof were listed as artisans and other professionals, as follows:
2 tailors, 3 hat makers, 3 jewelers, 1 butcher, 1 hairdresser, 1 glazier, 1 shopkeeper, 1 rabbi, 1 trustee of the community, 2 teachers, 2 musicians and one street beggar.
In the middle of the 18th century, there was a great improvement in Jewish life. The main centers of the weaving industry were in Staszów, Węgrów and Grodno, in Lithuania. In Staszów there were strong guilds of the Polish and German weavers, who were excellent professionals, brought into town by its owners in 1755. According to the law, the guilds were entitled to employ hired labor (women) in their workshops as well as in home industries.
In the second half of the 18th century, the Jewish population increased considerably, reaching the figure of 776 persons in Staszów and surrounding towns, by 1764. The community was forced to contribute to the payment of debts of the State Committee of Kraków - Sandomierz a sum of 322,834 zlotys. The debts imposed on the communities of this state were a heavy burden.

Only after the whole area was annexed to Austria, did changes in the organization of the Jewish community and its living conditions took place. The community was under Austrian laws, whereby restrictions were placed on Jewish commerce, as well as on Jewish marriages. Following what they did with the Galician Jews, the Austrian authorities issued a series of edicts, in a process of secularization, that would make the Jews eligible to receive the civil rights. Thus, they were compelled to add Polish surnames to their Jewish family names, but were allowed to choose their own names, unlike Galicia where the bureaucracy decided the names. From the period on, these names remained, up until today, such as: Tchaikowski, Lubelski, Rabinowicz, Dawidowicz, etc.

The burden of taxes during Austrian rule was heavy. Duties on meat imposed on Jewish commerce were: each litra of meat was 3 kreuzer, 2 kreuzer for pigeon, 14 kreuzer for geese, 6 kreuzer for chicken or duckling and 20 kreuzer for swan. Duties were placed on candles per piece. And each Jewish family lit two candles every Saturday and holiday.

These taxes remained in force even after the area was annexed to the Principality of Warsaw, in spite of the efforts made by the communities to annul them. These rules helped to impoverish the Jewish population.
On top of these taxes, a considerable tax was put on the Jews for the Polish Army, decided upon by the military authorities. In the Department of Radom, to which Staszów belonged, the communities accumulated a debt of 247,217 zlotys. They were unable to pay this tax which was for the maintenance of the military authority of the Warsaw principality.

The annexation of the area to the Warsaw principality and the subsequent regime imposed caused great hardship to Staszów's Jews. Several plans were submitted to the State Council referring to the evolution of the Jewish question in Poland. The trend of these proposals was the following: to “fix” the situation of the Jews in the spirit of secularization, and to create conditions for the assimilation of the Jews to the Polish people, according to the requests of the speaker of the State Council, Kaitan Kozmian. The “fix” resulted in a number of legal restrictions, starting with the prohibition for Jews to sell liquors and other alcoholic beverages. After Novosilchow was given bribes by the Jews, this decree was cancelled, but other civil decrees were issued, such as the re-establishment of the authority, de non tolerandis Judaeis, which could expel Jews from certain towns. In Staszów, the authorities determined only that Jews could not settle in the main streets of the town. In 1809, the Prefect Kusinsky imposed a number of additional decrees which were hard to bear. They were forbidden to live in Christian quarters and a special area was designated for them; only in special cases was a Jew permitted to live in the town, for examples, if he had at least 10,000 zlotys in cash, or if he was an artisan or manufacturer. Jewish males were ordered to shave and dress as the rest of the population, to learn to read and write Polish and to teach their children the Polish language. Rabbis were not permitted to enact a boycott (cherem) without a permit of the Polish authorities. In accordance with these orders, the landowner of Staszów, Izabella Lubomirski, assigned the living area to the Jewish population to be between the River Czarna and Dluga Street.

Living conditions worsened daily. Censuses were held from time to time to determine the number of Jews living in the villages, who by now, were supposed to gradually decrease. Also, Jews were not allowed to employ Gentile servants and assistants. Between the years 1814-1825, a Registry of Jews was kept, which included births, marriages and deaths. In compliance with the Codex Napoleonis , the registry was kept by the Catholic Church and not the Jewish constituency or rabbis. In the year 1819, the Jewish community was ordered to transfer its cemetery out of the town's boundaries. In the same year a plot was acquired for 517 zlotys and a new cemetery was opened in 1825.

Within the framework of arranging Jewish affairs in the Kingdom of Poland, between 1818-1825, the community was liquidated in 1822 and all the documents and accounting records were taken away.
As a result of these limitations, the economic life of the Jewish population of Staszów was devastated. The prohibition to deal in certain branches, including the alcohol industry; their expulsion from the town, and the seclusion in which they found themselves, unable to trade within the town's boundaries, all these and more economic restrictions impoverished the community, whose situation became very grave.

Because of the evictions of Jewish populations from the surrounding villages, more Jews came to settle in Staszów, crowding the Staszów area accorded to them. As in other communities, here too a decree was issued determining the number of people permitted in one apartment or house. Conditions were set as to which types of work or business was allowed for the Jews. The Jews became poorer and poorer and more degraded. They had little chances or hopes for improving their situation. It is interesting to note that compared to the Jews' situation, the same period was one of prosperity for the rest of the Polish population. In the years 1811-1825, Polish agricultural output reached a peak, commerce waxed great, and new marketing outlets were found in Russia, after customs duties between the two countries were cancelled. In Staszów too, the new prosperity was felt, there was wealth and economic improvement among the artisans. The Jews, however, managed to enjoy the economic growth to a limited degree, only, and paid very dearly for it.
Further taxes were imposed: viz. bartending tax, Kosher meat tax, a tax on a permit to enter Warsaw. These taxes were severely enforced.

In the second half of the 19th century the economic situation of the Jewish population improved. Retail commerce was almost entirely in Jewish hands, and wholesale commerce almost entirely as well. The same applies to businesses such as grain, timber (from the big forests in the area), beer (and other beverages), as well as the gypsum industry of the area. The number of Jews engaged in artisanship increased. In 1840, 12 Jews leased the lighting service of the town for payment of 12 zlotys each to the town owners. However, in 1863, during the Polish uprising, the quiet life attained after so many efforts, received a serious setback.Upon the eruption of the uprising, the Russians gathered infantry and artillery in the area, on the basis of rumors that the headquarters of Commander Langiewicz was there. The headquarters of the Russian armies was stationed in Staszów proper.
After the town was occupied by the Russians, they plundered the houses of the Poles in revenge for the revolt, but did not touch Jewish homes, as the latter did not participate in the revolt, nor did they help the revolutionaries. After the incident, the Jews bought the looted goods from the Russians for 500 rubles. When the Russians left the town, the Jews returned the robbed goods to their Polish owners, without demanding any payment.

In October 1863, General Czachówski, with 1000 soldiers, entered the District of Sandomierz from Galicia. A Jewish captain named August Rosner commanded one of the companies. Rosner was an Austrian officer and he joined the uprising under the name Róza. He was a brilliant fighter but in an encounter with a Russian company that came from Staszów, he and his 80 men were killed. The years of the uprising paralyzed economic life, and only in 1864 conditions returned to normal.
In 1820, there were 1,399 Jews in Staszów and 1,562 Gentiles. Within seven years the Jewish population grew to 2,062 compared to 1,871 Gentiles in 1827 (52.4% Jews). In 1841 there were 2,903 Jews compared to 2,080 Gentiles. In 1856, there were 3,206 Jews and 1,803 Gentiles. In 1857, 3,246 Jews and 1,823 Gentiles (64% Jews). In 1897 the Jewish population reached 4,885 and Gentiles 3,000 (61.9% Jews).
In the year 1913, the Jewish population counted 7,634 persons, including 4,054 males and 3,580 females. In 1921, in the new restaured Poland, there were 4,704 Jews and 3,653 Gentiles. The Jewish population now represented 57.5%.

During the first World War, Staszów's Jewish community suffered considerably, especially during the summer of 1914 after the Austrians occupied the town. (withdrawing on September 6th of that year). The Russians returned to Staszów on September 15th and thereafter the Cossacks raided Jewish shops and homes, robbing and mugging brutally. On Yom Kippur, one Jew was hanged on a lamp pole and eight were shot by order of General Nówików. In October of the same year, the Austrians returned to Staszów, remaining for a few days only. The frontline moved from day to day until the town was liberated finally from the Russian Army in May, 1915 by the Austrians, who remained there until the establishment of the New Poland.

Staszow (1801-1804). Map of Galicia - The first Military Survey

Staszow (1872). Map of the Kingdom of Poland.

Map of Jewish Staszow.

To revive the few photos of Staszow, we decided to attach these photos to the map of Jewish Staszow.

Old photos of Staszow

Staszow. Market Square. 1915.

Staszow. Market.

Staszow. Synagogue.
Since 1857, the office of the rabbi was opened, and later, in the 19th century, a synagogue was opened.

Staszow. St. Krakowskaya.

Staszow. The old Jewish cemetery.

Staszow. Jewish cemetery.

Staszow. The Polish Army regiment in the central square. 1929

Yakob branch (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib)

Family of Itsek Yakovlevich Goldfarb (1757) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Yakob branch)

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Sandomierz Branch, Fund 173.
In this document in 1831 a record was made of the death of Itsek Yakovlevich Goldfarb, age 64 years old (born 1767), in the city of Staszow, where his father Yakob and mother Malka Goldfarb are mentioned, his daughters Etle, Feiga, Sarah, Bruha.

Family of Gersh Yakovlevich Goldfarb (1776) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Yakob branch)

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Sandomierz Branch, Fund 173.
In this document, in 1846, a record was made of the death of Gersh Yakovlevich Goldfarb, age 76 years old (born 1770), in the city of Staszow, where hisr father Yakob and mother Malka Goldfarb, are mentioned, his daughters: Etle, Feigel, Sura, Midlia.

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Sandomierz Branch, Fund 173.
In this document, in 1855, a record was made of the death of Malki Goldfarb, aged 76 (born 1779), in the city of Staszow, where her daughters Etle, Mindl and Feigel are mentioned.

Family of Srol-Yosek Goldfarb family (1824) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Yakob branch)

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Sandomierz Branch, Fund 173.
In this document, in 1856, a record was made about the marriage of Srol-Yosek Goldfarb, age 32 years (born 1824), with Rohlei Rosenholt, age 21 years (born 1835), in the city of Staszow, where his father Gersh and mother Masi Goldfarb are mentioned.

Family of Abus Leibusovich Goldfarb (1786 - 1848) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Yakob branch)

State Archive of the city of Radom.
Fund 194.
In this document in 1848 a record was made of the death of Abus Leibusovich Goldfarb, age 62 years old (born 1786), in the town of Zwolen, where his father Leibus and mother Reiza Goldfarb, his daughter Feiga are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Radom.
Fund 194.
In this document in 1845 a record was made of the death of Aidla Goldfarb, age 63 years old (born 1782), in the town of Zwolen, where her husband Abus and her daughters Sheive, Feiga are mentioned.

Family of Seiva Abusovna Goldfarb (1799-1845) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Yakob branch)

State Archive of the city of Radom.
Fund 194.
In this document in 1871 a record was made of the death of Seiva Goldfarb, age 72 years old (born 1799), in the town of Zwolen, where her husband Shulim and her daughters Dvoira, Shifra and son Leibus are mentioned.

Family of Leibush Leibusovich Goldfarb (1821-1856) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Yakob branch)

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Sandomierz Branch, Fund 173.
In this document, in 1840, the marriage of Leibosh Goldfarb, age 19 years old (born 1821) and Leah Pomeranzblum, age 18 years old (born 1822), in the city of Staszow, where his father Leibus Goldfarb and mother Raise Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Sandomierz Branch, Fund 173.
In this document, in 1856, a record was made of the death of Leibus Goldfarb, age 35 years old (born 1821), in the city of Staszow, where his father Leibus Goldfarb and his mother Reiza Goldfarb, his wife Leia, his sons Yosek-Itsek, Abus-Yakob, Mordko-Den and daughter Reisle are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Sandomierz Branch, Foundation 173.
In this document, in 1841, the birth of Abus-Yakob Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Staszow, where his father Leibus and mother Leia Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Sandomierz Branch, Fund 173.
In this document, in 1849, the birth of Gersh Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Staszow, where his father Leibus and his mother Leia Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Sandomierz Branch, Fund 173.
In this document, in 1850, the death of Gersh Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Staszow, where his father Leibus and mother Leia Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Sandomierz Branch, Fund 173.
In this document, in 1851, the birth of Elia-Raise Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Staszow, where his father Leibus and mother Leia Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Sandomierz Branch, Fund 173.
In this document, in 1856, the birth of Mordko-Den Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Staszow, where his father Leibus and mother Leia Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Sandomierz Branch, Fund 173.
In this document, in 1857, a record was made of the death of Mordko-Den Goldfarb, in the city of Staszow, where his father Leibus and mother Leia Goldfarb are mentioned.

Family of Family of Abus-Yakob Goldfarb (1841) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Yakob branch)

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Sandomierz Branch, Fund173.
In this document, in 1865, a record was made of the death of Etli Goldfarb, age 25 years old (born 1840), in the city of Staszow, where her husband Abus-Yakob is mentioned.

Family of Itzek-Yosek Goldfarb (1844) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Yakob branch)

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Sandomierz Branch, Fund 173.
In this document in 1863 a record was made of the marriage of Itzeck-Josek Goldfarb, age 19 (b. 1844), with Khana Korenblum, age 19 years (b. 1844), in the city of Staszow, where his father Leibus and mother Leia Goldfarb are mentioned .

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Sandomierz Branch, Fund 173.
In this document, in 1864, the birth of Leibus Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Staszow, where his father Itsek-Josek Goldfarb and the mother of Khana Goldfarb are mentioned.

Family of Gershel Itzek-Yosefovich Goldfarb (1864) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Yakob branch)

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Branch, Fund 2478.
In this document in 1890 a record was made about the marriage of Gershel Goldfarb, age 19 years (born 1871), with Etla Cuker, age 24 years (born 1866), in the city of Stropnica, where his father Itsek-Yosek and mother Khana Goldfarb are mentioned.

In this document in 1899 a record was made of the death of Khaya-Serla Goldfarb, age 6 month (born 1899), in the city of Stropnica, where her father Gershel and mother Etla Goldfarb are mentioned.

Family of Mordko Itzek-Yosefovich Goldfarb (1881 - 1946) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Yakob branch)

Cantor Motel Goldfarb, 1881-1946
by Tilly Gewirtz
Translated from Yiddish by Miriam Leberstein
https://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/staszow/sta348.html#Page365

Motel Goldfarb was born October 2, 1881 in Staszów, the youngest of five children of Itsik and Khana Kornblum-Goldfarb. As a young man, he always wanted to recite poetry at parties and events. His repertoire of Jewish songs and humorous stories made him beloved in the town.
In 1906, he married Toybe Wolman, and a month later the young couple emigrated to America. But they were homesick for Staszów, and after three years in America they returned home. After his reurn, Motel completed his studies at the school of Cantor Avrom Ber Birnbaum in Częstochowa and received his cantorial diploma. Soon after that, a daughter was born. Given this change in circumstances, he decided to return to America. He lived in the United States and Canada for 35 years, working as cantor and composer of religious music in a number of cities, including Toronto, Philadelphia, Altoona, Troy-Barnsboro.
He led a rich and meaningful life, dedicated to Jewish literature and culture and to Zionist activities. He died while reciting maftir shabbes* in the morning in the Toronto synagogue in 1946.
Motel will long be remembered for his noble character, and his innumerable good deeds on behalf the weak and oppressed. This fine singer not only knew how to pray and sing, but also raised his voice powerfully in the struggle against injustice, and would eagerly join a picket line in the struggle for workers' rights.
His wife, children and close friends will remember him best for his erudition, his constant seeking, and the ethical road he followed, his compassion in a materialistic world.

* Maftir Shabbes:—the concluding portion of the Torah reading.

Mortko Goldfarb (b. 1882) arrived in America from Staszow (Russia) and his wife Tovba (b. 1886) at Sep.11 1906.

An interesting story about the descendants of Itsek-Yosek Lebusovich Goldfarb appeared on the Toronto genealogical website
New hope for the dead (cemetery restoration). by Bill Gladstone October 15, 2011.
Where the following is mentioned:

When the Nazis marched into Staszow, Poland, in 1939, not even the Jewish dead could rest in peace any more. Highly utilitarian, the Germans removed the tombstones from the cemetery for use as paving blocks in the streets.
After the war, the town repaved the streets and put the tombstones into storage, but eventually sold them to a construction company. The tombstones disappeared.
There were no Jews left in Staszow to protest. But sometimes the dead refuse to enter oblivion so easily.
Several years ago workmen laying a gas line in a courtyard uncovered a tombstone, four feet high and made of granite. Jack Goldfarb, a Holocaust survivor visiting from America, came to read the Hebrew inscription. It read “Itzcha Josef ben Yehudah Leibush Ha-Cohen, died in 1933.” Goldfarb, a Staszow native, realized at once that it memorialized his paternal grandfather.

Since then the courtyard has yielded another 10 gravestones, and Goldfarb has returned to Staszow many times on a self-appointed mission to restore the cemetery and erect a Holocaust memorial.

Source of photos below: JACKGOLDFARBWRITER.COM (Jack Goldfarb website)

Itska Yosek Goldfarb near his house in the 88th year, 1932.

Bozhnice Street - Synagogue Street - in the background on the right was the place of the Jewish cemetery. The main synagogue was located on this street.
1958 Photo by Jack Goldfarb on his first trip to Staszow.

The return of the headstone to the Jewish cemetery in Staszow.

Jack Goldfarb is looking at installation of the tombstones found. May 1999

Found tombstone of Itska-Yosek Lebusovich Goldfarb.
Found in the courtyard of the former Gestapo headquarters during the Nazi occupation. The headstone lay in the ground for 56 years. Caption: "Here lies a pious old man who walked in the ways of God and enjoyed the work of his hands." “Yitzhak Joseph Bin Yehuda Labish Ha-Cohen” “May his memory be a blessing forever. Born in Stashov in 1844. He died in 1932. "

Àutumn 1999 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal, Vol.3, No.4
The Kielce- Radom Special Interest Group Journal (A journal of Jewish Genealogy) p.p.30-31

Summer 2003 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal, Vol.7, No.3
The Kielce- Radom Special Interest Group Journal (A journal of Jewish Genealogy) p.p.21-22

Jewish cemetery in Staszow.

Staszow, the entrance to the Jewish cemetery, where you can see the tombstones laid out at the entrance and awaiting to be placed in the right place.

Tarnow

Jews of Tarnow
https://kehilalinks.jewishgen.org/tarnow/additional%20page.tarnow1.html#History_of_Tarnow
As early as 1445, we find mention of Kalef, a Tarnów Jew, who originally had come from Lwów and was a silk trader. Tarnów soon however became home to one of the largest Jewish communities in Małopolska. In Yiddish, Tarnów is known as Tarnow, Tornew, Torne and Tarna. In the Middle Ages, the Jews were primarily involved in the grain and wine trades, whose goods came from Rus’ and Hungary. We know that at first Tarnów had a branch of the Kraków Community (known as przykahałek, or small auxiliary kahal). In 1581, the town’s owner, Konstanty Ostrogski, granted the Jews a privilege enabling them to engage in trade inside buildings, at stalls and on the market square, as well as to distill and sell alcohol. This privilege was confirmed in 1676 by his grandson, Władysław Dominik, and then by the next heir as well, Stanisław Koniecpolski. Thanks to the advantageous privileges, the Jewish population grew, and in the eighteenth century exceeded 30% of the town’s population.

The Jewish community’s significance also grew, as shown by the fact that the Tarnów Jews had several representatives in the Council of Four Lands. These privileges also excluded the Jews from the municipal court system, which protected them from any possible abuses by the town council. They were to be subject only to the castle court. The documents guaranteed protection for the synagogue and cemetery, for they stipulated harsh punishments for anyone who might desecrate them. The Jews strove to come to agreements with the burghers as well, demonstrated for example the agreement signed in 1631 regarding rents Jews were to pay for having a kirkut in the village of Pogdwizdów

In 1667, Stanisław Koniecpolski, the town’s owner at that time, guaranteed the Jews the privileges they had been granted earlier (such as the synagogue and cemetery).

The manuscript “The privilege of Stanislav Konetspolsky for Jews from Tarnow” with a seal. 1667

On behalf of these rights, Jews were included in the jurisdiction of the castle and therefore no longer fell under the laws of the city of Tarnów. The new law allows severe punishment for any acts of vandalism against Jewish houses of worship or cemeteries. Jews were also allowed to settle in 12 houses along the Zhidovskaya (Jewish) street. Significant changes in legislation have attracted numerous Jewish families to move to the Tarnow region. Restrictions on the settlement of Jews in the city of Tarnow were lifted at the beginning of the 18th century by the Duke of Sangushko.
Some of the Tarn Jews belonged to the intellectual and cultural elite. Their profession was public trust and respect, like that of lawyers, doctors, musicians or teachers. In the 18th century, the synagogue in Tarnow covered almost half of the city's tax revenue, except for taxes paid by individuals. Tarnovsky Krai, with dozens of synagogues and small houses of worship, was an important religious center. Jewish schools and printing houses operated in the city. Social and cultural life flourished.

In 1723, Tarnów became part of the princely Sanguszko family holdings. As new owners, they wielded their “castle suzerainty” not from Mt. St. Martin, but from their court in Gumniski. They, too, were favorably inclined towards the Jewish population, seeing in them an opportunity to develop the town after the destruction of the seventeenth century. The general situation in the country, however, and the partitions of Poland hampered their efforts. In September 1792, a fire broke out that devastated the town. The Jewish quarter was destroyed, as was the market square and town hall.
In the late eighteenth century, new currents appeared – Chasidism (under the influence of the Halberstam and Horowitz dynasties) and the haskala. In 1788, thanks to funds from Naftaly Herz Homberg, the first Jewish secular school was opened. The Jewish district originally included the northeastern part of the downtown area, and Grabówka was the Chasidic quarter. When the Community asked the Austrian authorities for permission to expand the area in which Jews were allowed to settle in the town, the answer was negative. As a result, the idea that a Jewish town “outside the walls” emerged, but this was never realized in the end. Nevertheless, the buildings that were erected in this area, such as the New Synagogue or baths, do show that this idea was treated seriously. Austrian rule was oppressive not only for the Poles, but also for the Jews, who were subjected to Germanization just as the Poles were. Beginning in 1788, every Jew had to be registered under a German surname.
In addition, the emperor required military service of the Jews, and the power of the kahal was limited exclusively to religious matters. Jews were also banned from moving to the cities, which in effect brought about the impoverishment of the Jewish population. The “law on paupers” was also introduced, which banned anyone unable to pay their taxes from exiting the monarchy’s borders. Taxes were increased constantly (and included “kosher” and “candle” taxes), and a marriage tax was introduced. The aim of the latter was to limit natural growth among Jews.

In 1842, a Jewish hospital was opened in Tarnów, and in 1904 the municipal baths, designed by Franciszek Hackbail and Michał Mikoś, was built. Another historic date was the grand opening of the New Synagogue, designed by Franciszek Dundaszek and Władysław Ekielski. The synagogue was called the Franz Josef I Synagogue, because it officially opened on the emperor’s birthday, on 18 August 1908.

Bond Committee for the Construction of a New Synagogue in Tarnow. 1864

New Synagogue in Tarnow 1865-1908.

Occasionally there were events manifesting a mutual antipathy, such as beatings or robberies, usually involving the local peasantry. In the town itself, an atmosphere of co-existence dominated. Nevertheless, in 1869, during a fire at the cathedral, the Jews were so selfless in helping to put out the fire that Bishop Alojzy Pukalski presented a letter to the rabbi with heartfelt thanks for their assistance. When the bishop was celebrating the anniversary of his bishopric, the Community sent a congratulatory letter, for which he publicly expressed his thanks.
In the late nineteenth century, the idea of emigration to Palestine was very much alive in Tarnów. One of the first pioneering settlements was the village of Mahanaim, founded in 1898 by a group from Tarnów. Today all that remains is a plaque recalling the pioneers from Tarnów.
The dynamic development of Tarnuv as an industrial center in the interwar period contributed to a significant increase in the Jewish population of the city. There is no doubt that antipathy and anti-Semitic sentiments existed among the peasantry and that this also penetrated the ruling elite (one can recall, for example, the memoirs of Vincent Vitos). Nevertheless, Jews participated in the struggle for the independence of Poland in the hope that positive changes would occur in a free country.
During the interwar period, Tarnów was famous for its hat-making industry, with the companies Zylbersztejn, Klajn and Kinberg and Wajs. These firms exported their products to countries as far away as the Balkans. Clothing manufacturing was also very developed. The foundations for this industry were laid by Rajzla Rubin.

In 1939, the Jews made up half of Tarnów’s population. They had approximately thirty synagogues and houses of prayer, schools, and their own sports clubs, such as “The Jewish Sporting Youth”, “Gwiazda-Stern”, “Kraft-Siła”, “Dror”, “Hagibor”, “Hacair”, “Gordonia” and “Samson”. The last of these was the most successful, and had a beautiful stadium that celebrated its grand opening in 1930, on the eighteenth anniversary of the club’s foundation. A number of cultural institutions existed, such as the drama circle “Hazomir” (“Song”), Music and Theater Association “Muza”, Music Society and the Singing Society “Harmonia”. All the Jewish political parties active on the national scene also had a presence in Tarnów. In addition, there were many charitable organizations, such as “Bikur kholim” (“Visiting the Sick”), “Beis-Lekhem” (“House of Bread”), “chevra kadisha” (“Holy Brotherhood”), “Tsdaka” (alms for the poor) and “Anshel khesed” (“The Generosity of People”).

After the Germans entered Tarnów, the Jews began to be persecuted, just as in the rest of the Generalgouvernement. In November 1939, over the course of a few days, most of the synagogues and houses of prayer were burned down. In mid-1941, the Germans issued an order creating a closed ghetto for the Jews. Its final liquidation took place in September 1943. Himmler issued a decree ordering the deportation of the Jewish and Polish populations from the territories annexed to the Reich. In addition, General Gubernator Hans Frank also had a plan to free Kraków of its Jews. As a result, the Tarnów ghetto held about 40,000 people, and included the area of Lwowska, Nowa, Folwarczna, Szpitalna, Polna and Jasna streets, as well as the square Pod Dębem (today known as Square of the Ghetto Heroes).
The most tragic date in the history of Tarnów’s Jews was 11 June 1942, when about three thousand people were killed by the Germans on Tarnów’s market square and nearby streets. Their remains were buried in the cemetery on Starodąbrowska street. In the following days, until 18 June 1942, the action continued. Over 12,000 people were killed, about 8,000 were sent to camps in Bełżec, Płaszów and Auschwitz. A few who managed to escape death went into hiding. Punishment for aiding a Jew was the death penalty: in Jodłowa, near Tarnów, for example, the Germans burned down the Filipiak farm and shot the entire family. In the village of Podborze, the Germans burned down twenty houses as punishment for residents’ assistance to the Jews.

The last caretaker of the house of prayer at Goldhammer street died in 1993, and the District Museum in Tarnów began to care for the synagogue’s furnishings. The keys were given to the Kraków Community. Groups of Jews having their origins in Tarnów are active at present in France, Israel, Canada and the United States. On 19-21 June 1997, the District Museum organized an event called “Jews of Tarnów: A Day of Commemoration”.

Tarnow (1779-1783). Map of Galicia - The first Military Survey.

Tarnow (1861–1864). Map of Galicia and Bukovina - The second Military Survey of the Hamburg Empire.

Tarnow (1869-1887). Map of Galicia - The third military survey of the Hamburg Empire.

Map of Jewish Tarnow.

Old photos of Tarnow

New Synagogue in Tarnow. 1865-1908.

Inside the new synagogue in Tarnow. 1865-1908.

View from the tower of the Tarn Town Hall to the Jewish district, 1913. Collection of Marek Tomaszewski, Tarnow.

St. Zhidovska, Tarnow.

Map of the old town. Tarnow.

Photos of the Tarnow Ghetto 1942.

Tarnow. Old Jewish cemetery.

Family of Salomon Goldfarb (1764 - 1828) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Yakob branch)

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 526.
In this document, in 1828, a record was made of the death of Salomon Goldfarb, age 64 (b. 1764), in the city of Tarnow.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 526.
In this document in 1816 a record was made of the death of Braindel Goldfarb, age 42 (b. 1774), the wife of Salomon Goldfarb, in the city of Tarnow.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
In this document, in 1808, the birth of Iokhel Goldfarb in the city of Tarnow was recorded.
Where is mentioned
father: Salomon
mother: Braindel

Family of Yakob Goldfarb (~ 1795) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Yakob branch)

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1884, a record was made of the death of Railay Goldfarb, 86 years old (born 1798), in the city of Tarnow, where her husband Yakob Goldfarb, recorded as a factor from Kolbushev, is mentioned.
Factor is a reseller at the court of a nobleman, a post that existed in Poland from the 18th century to the middle of the 19th century.
This entry gives a hint on how Goldfarb could be in Tarnow. From Przemysl, Yakob Goldfarb (~ 1740) could have ended up in Kolbuszew, from where his descendants came to Staszow and Tarnow.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1869, a record was made of the death of Pinkhas Goldfarb, aged 2.5 years (b. 1867), in the city of Tarnow, where his father Yakob Goldfarb is mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
This document recorded in 1913 the death of Khana Mendliger, 82 years old (born 1831), in the city of Tarnow, where her father Yakob Goldfarb, her mother Reilly Goldfarb and her husband Burl Mendlinger are mentioned.

Family of Wolf Goldfarb (~ 1810) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Yakob branch)

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1882, an account was made of the death of Israel Goldfarb, age 52 (born 1830), in the city of Tarnow, where his father Wolf Goldfarb and mother Mariam Goldfarb are mentioned.

Coat of arms of Kolbuszewa

Kolbusheva
https://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/kolbuszowa/kol001e.html

The city was located at a great crossroads leading across the country's borders: on one side was the "Cracow Road' which passed Tarnow and Krseszow in the direction of Ruthenia, and on the other side--the "Madyar Road" which stretched from Sandomierz through Rzeszow and Dukla to Hungary.
In 1700, the private city of Kolbuszowa (which belonged to Count Lubomirsky, and not the king) occupied an area of 759 hectares west of the Nile River to Blonie in the Croqua and Nova Vis sections.

During that same period the lumber industry developed in great strides in the city and its environs. "The State of Kulbuszowa" won renown by means of its artistic and superlative furniture. Farmers and craftsmen of the slave-labor force, who came here from the villages in search of work, were exploited by the master. Similarly exploited were the carpenters and craftsmen skilled in woodcarving who made their products in their workshops and then brought them into town to give them the famous Kolbuszowa finish and luster.

The city continued to grow and the Jews found means to evade the limitations placed upon them by the nobility's law of 1700. In the time of the reign of Joseph Carl's son, Alexander Dominic Lubomirsky, these limitations were cancelled altogether as concerned the Jews by the Prince himself. This happened in 1713, in a decree issued on June 13th, with the aim of hastening and expanding the population of the city. Before long the Jews became the main factors in the commerce of the region; they exported the furniture to distant places, and became partners in the rapid development of the city. As a result they enjoyed the admiration and recognition of the governor of the city and of its residents.

Presumably, there was as yet no distinct Jewish community in Kolbuszowa at that time. But the Jews' petition to their master to grant them permission to build a synagogue may be considered the beginning of an organized Jewish life there. In 1736 the lord did in fact grant such permission. The synagogue was located in the Kanti-Zagacz vicinity where the Jews then lived.

This nobleman's friendly behavior toward the Jews is attested definitely by a series of documents. He allowed the Jews to act as middlemen between the artistically skilled cabinet-makers of Kolbuszowa and the consumers who purchased their wares. The latter were as a rule wealthy Polish magnates. Thus we find, for example, that a Jew by the name of Rabinowicz, who was such an agent, wrote a letter dated June 5, 1717, to Countess Siemienska of Rytwian and Pulawy, informing her that he had intervened on her behalf with Kolisz the cabinet-maker and had received from him a promise "to send the finished panels to Pulawy (via the River Vistula)."

Synagogue in Kolbuszewa

Ceiling of the Kolbuszewa Synagogue.

The Jewish Zodiac.
Ilia Goldfarb. Oil, canvas, 2017, Fredericton, Canada.

Working on our genealogical tree, I found an old synagogue in Mogilev and the synagogue in Kolbuszewa with the symbols of the Zodiac, further studies were pushed to the synagogue in Bet-Alpha (VI century). The mosaic of the floor of this synagogue inspired a series of works called "The Jewish Zodiac"

The Spielberg Jewish Film Archive - A Pictorial Review of Kolbuszowa

Fragment filmu "Po-lin. Okruchy pamięci" dotyczący Kolbuszowej k. Rzeszowa

יהודים לפני מלחמת העולם השנייה בעיר קולבושובה שבפולין. אולי זאת העיר של
אבותיך?...
...Jews in Polish town of Kolbuszowa before World War II !
YOU CAN BE PROUD OF YOUR ANCESTRAL TOWN .

Name: A Pictorial Review of Kolbuszowa
Year: 1930
Duration: 00:27:55

Abstract: A survey of Kolbuszowa, Ranizow, Sokolow, and Rzeszow in pre-World War II Poland.
The Spielberg Jewish Film Archive - The 500 films, selected for the virtual cinema, reflect the vast scope of documentary material collected in the Spielberg Archive. The films range from 1911 to the present and include home movies, short films and full length features.

Family of Leib Goldfarb (1808 - 1844) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Yakob branch)

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 526.
In this document, in 1844, a record was made of the death of Leib Goldfarb, age 36 years old (born 1808) in the city of Tarnow.

Family of Vigdor Leibovich Goldfarb (1840 - 1907) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Yakob branch).

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1907, a record was made of the death of Vigdor Goldfarb, age 67 years old (b. 1840), in the city of Tarnow, where his father Leib Goldfarb and his mother of Khaya Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1911, a record was made of the death of Mariam Goldfarb, age 70 (born 1831), in the city of Tarnow, where her husband Vigdor Goldfarb, her father Avadi Colender, her mother Pesley are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1858, the birth of Sarah Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Tarnow, where her father Vigdor Goldfarb and her mother Mariam Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1859, the death of Rifka Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Tarnow, where her father Vigdor Goldfarb and mother Mariam Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1864, the death of Rachel Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Tarnow, where her father Vigdor Goldfarb and mother Mariam Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1865, the birth of Leib Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Tarnow, where his father Vigdor Goldfarb and his mother Mariam Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1867, the death of Leaya Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Tarnow, where her father Vigdor Goldfarb is mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1868, the birth of Moses Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Tarnow, where his father Vigdor Goldfarb and his mother Mariam Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1869, a record was made of the death of Abraham Goldfarb, in the city of Tarnow, age 11 days (b. 1869), where his father Vigdor Goldfarb and mother Mariam Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document in 1873 a record was made of the death of Gitel Goldfarb, in the city of Tarnow, age 23 days (b. 1873), where her father Vigdor Goldfarb and mother Mariam Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1877, the birth of Khaya Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Tarnow, where her father Vigdor Goldfarb and mother Mariam Goldfarb are mentioned.

Family of Gersh Goldfarb (~ 1795) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Yakob branch)

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 526.
In this document, in 1853, a record was made of the death of Khaya Goldfarb, age 31 (born 1822) in the city of Tarnow, where Gersh Goldfarb is mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1862, a record was made of the death of Dobra Goldfarb, age 65 years old (born 1797), in the city of Tarnow, where her husband Gersh Goldfarb is mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 526.
In this document, in 1818, the birth record of the twins Yoseph and Hindi Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Tarnow, where theirs father Gersh Goldfarb and theirs mother Dobra Goldfarb are mentioned.

Family of Israel Goldfarb (1813 - 1880) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Yakob branch)

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1880, a record was made of the death of Israel-Joseph Goldfarb, age 67 years old (born 1813) in the city of Tarnow, where his father Gersh Goldfarb and his mother Dobra Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1858, the birth of Mariam Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Tarnow, where her father, Israel Goldfarb and her mother, Sheidl Goldfarb, are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1860, the birth of Khaya Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Tarnuv, where her father, Israel Goldfarb and her mother, Sheidl Goldfarb, are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1878, the birth of Salomon Keiner (Goldfarb) was recorded in the city of Tarnow where his father Israel Goldfarb, his mother Sheidl Keiner, are mentioned.

Family of Gersh Izrailevich Goldfarb (~ 1850) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Yakob branch)

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document in 1891 a record was made of the death of Abram Goldfarb, age 5 years old (b. 1886), in the city of Tarnow, where his father Gersh Goldfarb, his mother Sheidl, are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1880, the birth of Yoseph Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Tarnow, where his father Gersh Goldfarb, his mother Sheidl, are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1880, a record was made of the death of Meyer Goldfarb, in the city of Tarnow, where his father Gersh Goldfarb, his mother Sheidl, are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
This document recorded in 1875 the death of Yakob Goldfarb, age 4 years old (b. 1871), in the city of Tarnow, where his father Gersh Goldfarb, his mother Sheidl, are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1877, the birth of Freidl Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Tarnow, where her father Gersh Goldfarb, her mother Sheidl, are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1878, the birth of Rachel-Leya Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Tarnow, where her father Gersh Goldfarb, her mother Sheidl, are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1882, the birth of Michel-Leib Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Tarnow, where his father Gersh Goldfarb, his mother Sheidl, are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1885, the birth of Kopel Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Tarnow, where his father Gersh Goldfarb, his mother Sheidl, are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1889, the birth of Rila Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Tarnow, where her father Gersh Goldfarb, her mother Sheidl, are mentioned.

Family of Moisey Goldfarb (1771-1831) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Yakob branch)

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 526.
In this document in 1831 a record was made of the death of Moisey Goldfarb, aged 60 years old (born 1771) in the city of Tarnow.

Family of Shloma Goldfarb (~ 1795) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Yakob branch)

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 526.
In this document, in 1817, the birth of Kopel-Itsek Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Tarnow, where his father Shloma Goldfarb and his mother Sarah Hawa Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 526.
In this document, in 1840, a record was made of the death of Abram Goldfarb, aged 16 years (born 1824) in the city of Tarnow.

Family of Mendel Goldfarb (~ 1790) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Yakob branch)

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1890, a record was made of the death of Binet Goldfarb, age 85 (born 1805), in the city of Tarnow, where her husband Mendel-Wolf Goldfarb, her father Khaim Isaak, her mother Feiga are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 526.
In this document, in 1839, the birth of Abram Goldfarb was recorded, where his father Mendel Goldfarb and his mother Bina are mentioned in the city of Tarnow.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 526.
In this document, in 1838, the birth of Lieber Goldfarb was recorded, mentioning his father Mendel Goldfarb and his mother Bila, in the city of Tarnow.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 526.
In this document, in 1812, a record was made of the death of Yakob Goldfarb, age 5 years old (born 1807) in the city of Tarnow.

Family of Moisey Mendelevich Goldfarb (1839 – 1913) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Yakob branch)

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1863, the marriage of Moisey Goldfarb, age 24 years old (born 1839), and Tauba Rossner, age 17 years old (born 1846), in the city of Tarnow, where his father Mendel Goldfarb and his mother Bina Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1883 was recorded the marriage of Moses Goldfarb, age 38, and Tauba Rossner, 34 years old, in the city of Tarnow, where his father Mendel Goldfarb and mother Bina Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1913, a record was made of the death of Moisey Goldfarb, aged 70 years (b. 1843), recorded as a merchant in the city of Tarnow, where his father Mendel-Wolf Goldfarb and mother Bina are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1863, the birth of Mendel-Wolf Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Tarnow, where his father Moisey Goldfarb and his mother Tauba Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1865, a record was made of the death of Mariam Goldfarb, in the city of Tarnow, where her father Moisey Goldfarb is mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1866, the birth of Chaim Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Tarnow, where his father Moisey Goldfarb and his mother Tauba Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1873, the birth of Rifka Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Tarnow, where her father Moysei Goldfarb and mother Tauba Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1874, the birth of Sara-Mindel Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Tarnow, where her father Moysei Goldfarb and mother Tauba Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1877, the birth record of Rachel Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Tarnow, where her father Moses Goldfarb, her mother Tauba, are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1881, a record was made of the death of Elizar Goldfarb, age 2 years old (b. 1879), in the city of Tarnow, where his father Moysei Goldfarb and mother Tauba Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1882, the birth of Sosha Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Tarnow, where her father Moisey Goldfarb and mother Tauba Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1885, the birth of Marcus Gersch Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Tarnow, where his father Moisey Goldfarb and his mother Tauba Goldfarb are mentioned.

Family of Mendel-Wolf Moiseevich Goldfarb (1863) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Yakob branch)

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow Branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1893, the marriage of Mendel-Wolf Goldfarb and Khasya-Rachel Nizuver, in the city of Tarnow, where his father Moses Goldfarb and mother Tauba Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow Branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1895, the birth of Sara-Ita Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Tarnow, where her father Mendel-Wolf Goldfarb, recorded as a merchant, and her mother Khasya-Rachel are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow Branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1897, the birth of Abraham-Samuel Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Tarnow, where his father Mendel-Wolf Goldfarb, recorded as a merchant, and his mother Khasya-Rachel are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow Branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1902, the birth of Israel-Bernard Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Tarnow, where his father Mendel-Wolf Goldfarb, recorded as a merchant, and his mother Khasya-Rachel are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow Branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1906, the birth of Joseph-Elhumen Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Tarnow, where his father Mendel-Wolf Goldfarb, recorded as a merchant, and his mother Khasya-Rachel are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Krakow.
Tarnow Branch, Fund 276.
In this document, in 1910, the birth of Bernard Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Tarnow, where his father Mendel-Wolf Goldfarb, recorded as a merchant, and his mother Khasya-Rachel are mentioned.

Goldfarbs from Dubienka.

     The first Jews appeared in Dubenka, probably around 1589. The official permission of Zygmunt III Vasa for a Jewish settlement in the city dates back to 1593. The right to build a synagogue and the designation of a cemetery in the western part of the city (on the "Apiary") originate from that time.On October 31, 1606 in Kumuv, the Bishop of Chelm Jerzy Zamoyski issued the Jews of Dębno permission to build a synagogue on the square of Gorodelska Street. a brick synagogue built in 1870-1880 and demolished in 1942.
     The earliest mention of a wooden Jewish bath dates back to 1821. The first wooden building was demolished, and a second, also wooden, was erected in its place. The building was renovated around 1859/60 and destroyed in 1901. A new building, built in 1905-1907, was destroyed around 1914/15. Another bathhouse, dismantled by the Germans in 1942, was built around 1916 / 17 years old.
     The first information about the existence of a Jewish school on Dubenka dates back to 1869. In the documentation of 1905 there is information about 15 heders, in 1929 there were 6 of them. In the interwar period, Jews owned a synagogue in Dubenka and 3 private Betkh midrashs, including 1 built in 1893. The community also owned a mikvah and a cemetery. In 1897-1930 S [L] ucher Ber Kovartovski from Lencny was the rabbi of the Jewish community in Dubenets.
     The first half of the 20th century saw a significant deterioration in the economic situation of Jews from Dubenka, forcing many of them to emigrate to larger urban centers or abroad.
     In 1942, the Jewish population was imprisoned in a ghetto. On June 2, 250 people were shot and 2,670 Jews were sent to Sobibor. The remaining 54 Jews were shot at the Jewish cemetery during the liquidation of the ghetto. The material remains of the Jews were plundered, houses were sold or, like Jewish kiosks in the market square, demolished.
     The Jewish cemetery "on the Apiary" was founded around 1589-1606. The first information about its existence dates back to 1715. During the occupation, Jews and Poles were buried in mass graves at the cemetery. Since the occupation, the cemetery has been gradually destroyed. In 1964, a military base was located at the cemetery.

Maps

Map of Dubienka 1867

Map of Dubienka 1915

Old photos of Dubienka

Panorama of Dubienka

Dubienska's Town Hall

St. Chelmskaya in Dubienka

Dubienka, view of the cente.

Sabina Radomska, Vladislav Svergotovich and Galina Golchevskaya on the street Kostelnaya in Dubienka.

Kazimir Radomsky rides in a carriage along the street Red Cross in Dubienka.

School in Dubienka.

The plan of the old Jewish cemetery, built up with various buildings.

The old Jewish cemetery.

A 1929 business directory listing K. Goldfarb, the owner of a shoe store, under the heading Footwear.

Benjamin Branch (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib)

Family of Pinhas Benjaminovich Goldfarb (1813 - 1866) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1866, a record was made of the death of Pinhas Benjaminovich Goldfarb, 55 years old (born 1811), in the city of Dubienka, where her father Benjamin and mother Pesia Goldfarb are mentioned, as well as his wife Blima Goldfarb.

Pinhas Sub Branch (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

Family of Pinhas Benjaminovich Goldfarb (1813 - 1866) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1843, a record was made of the birth of Khaim Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where his father Pinchas Goldfarb, age 31 (born 1813) and mother Blima Goldfarb, age 28 (born 1815) are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1845, a record was made about the birth of the daughter Khana-Sura Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where her father Pinchas Goldfarb, age 35 (born 1810) and mother Blima Goldfarb, age 30 (g. b. 1815) are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1838, a record was made about the death of Berko Goldfarb, 1 year old (born 1837), in the city of Dubienka, where his father Pinhas and mother Blima Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1839, a record was made about the birth of El Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where his father Pinhas Goldfarb, age 28 (born 1811) and mother Blima Goldfarb, age 25 (born 1814) are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1841, a record was made about the death of El Goldfarb, 1 year (b. 1839), in the city of Dubienka, where his father Pinchas and mother Blima Goldfarb are mentioned, as well as his uncle Mordko-Abel Goldfarb, 40 years old.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1843, a record was made of the birth of Shmul-Wolf Goldfarb, in the city of Dubenka, where his father Pinhas Goldfarb, age 28 years old (born 1815) and mother Rifka Goldfarb, age 20 years old (b. p. 1823) are mentioned.

Family of Khana-Sura Pinhasovna Goldfarb (1845) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1862, an entry was made about the marriage of Gersh-Berk Korn, age 18 years old (born 1844), with Khana-Sura Goldfarb, age 17 years old (born 1845), in the city of Dubienka, where her father Pinhas and mother Blima Goldfarb are mentioned.

Family of Freida-Rukhlia Pinkhasovna Goldfarb (1842) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1862, a record was made about the marriage of Yankel Shafran, age 18 years old (born 1841), with Freida-Ruhlia Goldfarb, age 17 years old (born 1842), in the city of Dubienka, where her father Pinhas and mother Blima Goldfarb are mentioned.

Leib Sub Branch (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

Family of Nut Leibovich Goldfarb (1810 - 1883) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1883, a record was made about the death of Nut Leibovich Goldfarb, 73 years old (born 1810), in the city of Dubienka, where his father Leib and mother Feiga Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1873, a record was made about the death of Ita Goldfarb, 60 years old (born 1813), in the city of Dubienka, where her husband Nuta Goldfarb is mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1847, a record was made of the birth of Mordko Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where his father Nuta Goldfarb, age 40 years old (born 1807) and mother Ita Goldfarb, age 30 years old (b. 1817) are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1847, a record was made about the birth of the Khaim Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where his father Nuta Goldfarb, age 40 (born 1807) and mother Ita Goldfarb, age 30 (born 1817) are mentioned.

Family of Khaim Nutovich Goldfarb (1847 - 1909) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In these documents, in 1885, 1890, records were made about the birth of the daughters Sura-Etli and Freida-Rifka Goldfarb, in the city of Chelm, where their father Khaim Goldfarb is mentioned, age 45 years old (born 1845) and mother Malka Goldfarb, age 40 years (b. 1850).
In the same place, in 1909, a record was made about the death of Chaim Goldfarb,? years (born?), in the city of Chelm, where his father Nuta and mother Ita Goldfarb are mentioned.

Family of Benjamin Nutovich Goldfarb (1840 - 1890) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document in 1890, a record was made about the death of Benjamin Nutovich Goldfarb, 50 years old (born 1840), in the city of Dubienka, where his father Nuta and mother Ita Goldfarb are mentioned, as well as his wife Basia Goldfarb.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1896, an entry was made about the death of Basia Goldfarb, 52 years old (born 1844), in the city of Dubienka, where her parents Moshko-Leib and Esther Essik are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1862, a record was made about the marriage of Benjamin Goldfarb, age 21 (born 1841), with Basia Esseg, age 18 (born 1844), in the city of Dubienka, where his father Nuta is mentioned and mother Ita Goldfarb.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1862, a record was made about the birth of Sura-Rukhlia Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where her father Benjamin Goldfarb, age 21 (b. 1841) and mother Basia Goldfarb, age 19 (g. p. 1843) are mentioned.

Family of Volf Nutovich Goldfarb (1865) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1890, a record was made of the birth of Nuta Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where his father Volf Goldfarb, age 25 years old (born 1865) and mother Sura Goldfarb, age 25 years old (born 1865) are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1894, a record was made about the birth of the son Moisei-Favel Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where his father Volf Goldfarb, age 29 years old (born 1865) and mother Sura Goldfarb, age 29 years old (b. p. 1865) are mentioned.

Family of Toivia-Azrel Leibovich Goldfarb (1822) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1841, a record was made about the marriage of Toivia Goldfarb, age 19 years old (born 1822), with Freida Zilberman, age 17 years old (born 1824), in the city of Dubienka, where his father Leib is mentioned and mother Feiga Goldfarb.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1884, an entry was made about the death of Freida Moshkovna Goldfarb, 57 years old (born 1827), in the city of Dubienka, where her father Moshko and mother Leia Zilberman, as well as her husband Ezriel Goldfarb, are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1845, a record was made of the birth of Khaia Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where her father Toivia-Azrial Goldfarb, age 22 years old (born 1823) and mother Freida Goldfarb, age 24 years old (b. b. 1821) are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1859, a record was made of the death of Nachman Goldfarb, age 4 months (born 1859), in the city of Dubienka, where his father Ezriyo and mother Freida Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1846, a record was made of the birth of the son Khaim-Ber Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where his father Toviya-Azriel Goldfarb, age 24 years old (born 1822) and mother Freida Goldfarb, age 24 years old ( b. 1822) are mentioned.

Family of Khaim-Ber Tovievich Goldfarb (1846 - 1895) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1895, a record was made about the death of Khaim-Ber Goldfarb, 49 years old (born 1846), in the city of Dubienka, where his father Ezri and mother Freida Goldfarb are mentioned, as well as his wife Khaia Goldfarb.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1885, a record was made about the birth of Freida Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where her father, Khaim-Ber Goldfarb, is mentioned, erroneously 28 (38) years old (b. 1847) and mother Khaia Goldfarb, age 35 years (b. 1850)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1879, a record was made of the birth of the son Srul-Leib Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where his father Khaim-Ber Goldfarb, age 29 years old (born 1850) and mother Khaia Goldfarb, age 29 years old ( b. 1850) are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1875, a record was made about the birth of Gershka Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where hiss father Khaim-Ber Goldfarb, age 26 years old (born 1849) and mother Khaia Goldfarb, age 25 years old (b. b. 1850 are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1870, a record was made of the birth of the son Moshko-Yosif Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where his father Khaim-Ber Goldfarb, age 22 years old (born 1848) and mother Khaia Goldfarb, age 21 years old ( b. 1849) are mentioned.

Family of Moshko-Yosif Khaim-Berovich Goldfarb (1870) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1890, a record was made about the birth of the son Itssek-Leib Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where his father Moshko Goldfarb, age 20 years old (born 1870) and mother Khana Goldfarb, age 19 years old (b. b. 1871) are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1889, a record was made of the birth of Freida Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where her father Moshko Goldfarb, age 23 years old (born 1866) and mother Khana Goldfarb, age 18 years old (born 1871) are mentioned.

Family of Gershko Khaim-Berovich Goldfarb (1875) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1894, a record was made about the marriage of Gershka Goldfarb, age 19 years old (born 1875), with Keila-Zlata Fishbein, age 18 years old (born 1876), in the city of Dubienka, where his father Khaim-Ber and mother Khaia Goldfarb are mentioned.

Family of Khana-Lea Azriel-Tovievna Goldfarb (1843) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1859, a record was made about the marriage of Khana-Lea Goldfarb, age 16 (born 1843), with Leib Zumerman, age 19 (born 1840), in the city of Dubienka, where her father Azriel-Tovia and mother Freida Goldfarb are mentioned.

Family of Feiga Azriel-Tovievna Goldfarb (1860) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1886, a record was made of the marriage of Feiga Goldfarb, age 26 (born 1860), to Shimon Meer, age 24 (born 1862), in the city of Dubienka, where her father Azriel-Tovia and mother Freida Goldfarb are mentioned.

Family of Maria Azriel-Tovievna Goldfarb (1867) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1887, a record was made about the marriage of Maria Goldfarb, age 20 (born 1867), to Fishel Reis, age 25 (born 1862), in the city of Dubienka, where her father Azriel-Tovia and mother Freida Goldfarb are mentioned.

Family of Abel-Moishe Leibovich Goldfarb (1803 -1860) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1860, a record was made about the death of Moishe-Abel Goldfarb, 55 years old (born 1805), in the city of Dubienka, where his father Leib and mother Feiga Goldfarb are mentioned, as well as his wife Khaia (Segalova) Goldfarb.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1841, a record was made about the birth of Dvoira Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where her father Moishe-Abel Goldfarb is mentioned, age 40 (born 1801) and mother Khaia Goldfarb, age 36 (born 1805).

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1843, a record was made of the birth of the daughter Khan-Brukha Goldfarb, in the city of Dubenka, where her father Moishe-Abel Goldfarb, age 40 years old (born 1803) and mother Khaia Goldfarb, age 36 years old ( b. 1807) are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1845, a record was made about the death of the daughter Khana-Brukha Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where her father Moishe-Abel Goldfarb and mother Khaia Goldfarb are mentioned.

Family of Monashko Moishe-Abelevich Goldfarb (1827 - 1848) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1845, a record was made of the marriage of Monashko Goldfarb, age 16 (born 1829), with Serla Kukier, age 16 (born 1829), in the city of Dubienka, where his father Moishe-Abel and mother Khaia Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1847, a record was made of the birth of Lea Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where her father Monashko Goldfarb, age 20 (born 1827) and mother Serlya Goldfarb, age 16 (born 1831) are mentioned.

Mordko-Abel Sub Branch (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

Family of Abel-Mordko Leibovich Goldfarb (1800 -1882) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1882, a record was made of the death of Mordko-Abel Goldfarb, 82 years old (born 1800), in the city of Dubienka, where his father Benjamin and mother Rifka Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1897, a record was made about the death of Ginda-Lea Goldfarb, 72 years old (born 1825), the ex-wife of Benjamin Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where her father Monasa and mother Charna Kleiner, are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1842, a record was made of the birth of Benjamin Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where his father Mordko-Abel Goldfarb, age 38 years old (b. 1804) and mother Maria Goldfarb, age 32 years old (b. p. 1810) are mentioned.

Family of Moshko Mordko-Abelevich Goldfarb (1830 -1894) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1894, a record was made about the death of Moshka Goldfarb, 64 years old (born 1830), in the city of Dubienka, where his father Mordko and mother Maria Goldfarb are mentioned, as well as his wife Pesia Goldfarb.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1860, a record was made about the birth of Sheiva Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where her father Moshko Goldfarb, age 34 years old (born 1826) and mother Pesia Goldfarb, age 32 years old (born 1828) are mentioned.

Family of Elka Mordko-Abelevna Goldfarb (1826) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1843, a record was made of the marriage of Elka Goldfarb, age 17 (born 1826), to Itsik Orgon, age 18 (born 1825), in the city of Dubienka, where her father Mordko is mentioned and mother Maria Goldfarb.

Family of Berko Mordko-Abelevich Goldfarb (1831 - 1872) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1872, a record was made about the death of Berko Goldfarb, 35 years old (born 1837), in the city of Dubenka, where his father Mordko-Abel and mother Maria Goldfarb are mentioned, as well as his wife Perlia Goldfarb.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1872, a record was made about the birth of Berko Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where his father Berko Goldfarb, who died in 1872, and mother Pearl Goldfarb, are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1876, a record was made of the death of Berko Goldfarb, 4 years old (born 1872), in the city of Dubienka, where his father Berko Goldfarb, who died in 1872, and mother Pearl Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1869, a record was made about the birth of son Itsko Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where his father Berko Goldfarb, age 38 years old (born 1831) and mother Pearl Goldfarb, age 24 years old (born 1845) are mentioned.

Family of Hertsik Goldfarb (1859) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1883, a record was made of the birth of Mordko-Abus Goldfarb, in the city of Chelm, where his father Gertsik Goldfarb, age 24 years old (born 1859) and mother Sheidlya Goldfarb, age? years (b.?) are mentioned.

Moshko Sub Branch (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

Family Moshko Goldfarb (1800) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1836, the birth of Reiza Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Dubienka, where her father Moshko Goldfarb, age 36 years old (born 1800) and mother Khaia Goldfarb, age 30 years old (born 1806) are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1839, a record was made about the death of Reiza Goldfarb, age 2 years old (born 1835), in the city of Dubienka, where her father Moshko and mother Khaia Goldfarb are mentioned.

Family of Avram-Volf Goldfarb (1829) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1885, a record was made of the death of Feiga Goldfarb, 50 years old (born 1835), in the city of Dubienka, where her father Yankel and mother Esther, as well as her husband Wolf Goldfarb, are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1871, a record was made of the death of Yankel Goldfarb, 14 years old (born 1857), in the city of Dubienka, where her father Abram-Volf and mother Feiga Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1862, a record was made of the birth of Leizer-Meer Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where his father Volf Goldfarb, age 29 years old (born 1833) and mother Feiga Goldfarb, age 26 years old (b. p. 1836) are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1866, a record was made of the birth of Shmul Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where his father Volf Goldfarb, age 33 (b. 1833) and mother Feiga Goldfarb, age 30 (b. 1836) are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1871, a record was made about the death of Shmul Goldfarb, 5 years old (born 1866), in the city of Dubienka, where her father Abram-Volf and mother Feiga Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1859, a record was made of the birth of Moisha Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where his father Volf Goldfarb, age 30 years old (b. 1829) and mother Feiga Goldfarb, age 29 years old (b. 1830) are mentioned.

Family of Moisha Abram-Volfovich Goldfarb (1859) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1880, a record was made of the marriage of Moishe Volfovich Goldfarb, age 21 (born 1859), with Enta Sheinberg, age 16 (born 1864), in the city of Dubienka, where his father Volf and mother Feiga Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1880, a record was made of the birth of Sura Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where her father Moshko Goldfarb, age 21 years old (born 1859) and mother Enta Goldfarb, age 17 years old (born 1864) are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document in 1887, a record was made about the death of Khaia-Sura Goldfarb, 7 years old (born 1880), in the city of Dubienka, where her parents Moshko and Enta Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1884, a record was made of the death of Vigdor Goldfarb, 4 months old (born 1884), in the city of Dubienka, where his father Moshko and mother Enta Goldfarb are mentioned (erroneously recorded as Khana).

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1895, a record was made about the death of Mordko-Khaim Goldfarb, 4 years old (born 1891), in the city of Dubienka, where his father Moshko and mother Enta Goldfarb are mentioned.

Family of Benjamin-Wolf Goldfarb (1816) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Sandomierz Branch, Fund 173.
In this document, in 1839, the birth of Leibus Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Staszow, where his father Benjamin-Wolf Goldfarb is mentioned, age 25 years old (born 1814) and mother Rohlya Goldfarb, age 23 years (born 1816).

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Sandomierz Branch, Fund 173.
In this document, in 1847, the birth record of the son of El Reyza Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Staszow, where his father Benjamin Goldfarb, age 31 years old (b. 1816) and mother Rohla Goldfarb, age 31 years (b. 1816).

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Sandomierz Branch, Fund 173.
In this document, in 1839, the birth of Zlata Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Staszow, where her father Benjamin-Wolf Goldfarb, age 41 years old (born 1816) and mother Rohlya Goldfarb, age 40 years old (born 1817).

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Sandomierz Branch, Fund 173.
In this document, in 1852, the birth of Hena Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Staszow, where her father Benjamin-Volff and mother Rohla Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Sandomierz Branch, Fund 173.
In this document, in 1842, the birth of Dan Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Staszow, where his father Benjamin-Wolf and his mother Rochla Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Sandomierz Branch, Fund 173.
In this document, in 1846, the birth of Moshek-Berek Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Staszów, where his father Benjamin-Wolf and his mother Rohla Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Sandomierz Branch, Fund 173.
In this document, in 1854, the birth of Ester-Sura Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Staszow, where her father Benjamin-Wolf and mother Rohla Goldfarb are mentioned.

Family of Leibus Benjamin-Wolfavich Goldfarb (1839) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Sandomierz Branch, Fund 173.
This document in 1863 recorded the death of Leibus Goldfarb, 24 years old (born 1839), in the city of Staszow, where her father Benjamin-Wolf Goldfarb and mother Rohla Goldfarb, his wife Feiga and his son Gersh are mentioned .

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Sandomierz Branch, Fund 173.
In this document, in 1862, the death of Sura-Malka Goldfarb, age 9 months, was recorded in the city of Staszow, where her father Leibus Goldfarb and mother Feiga Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Sandomierz Branch, Fund 173.
In this document, in 1859, the birth of Shaya-Gersh Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Staszow, where her father Leibus Goldfarb and mother Feiga Goldfarb are mentioned.

Family of Dan Goldfarb (1843) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Sandomierz Branch, Fund 173.
In this document, in 1862, the birth of Benjamin-Wolf Goldfarb was recorded in the city of Staszow, where his father Den Goldfarb and the mother of Dosia Goldfarb are mentioned.

Yos Sub Branch (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

Family of Pinhas Yosevich Goldfarb (1803 -1860) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1891, a record was made of the death of Pinhas Goldfarb, 82 years old (born 1809), in the city of Dubienka, where his father Yos and mother Reiza Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1843, a record was made of the birth of Shmul-Wolf Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where her father Pinhas Goldfarb, age 28 years old (born 1815) and mother Rifka Goldfarb, age 20 years old (b. p. 1823) are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1869, a record was made about the birth of Sheiva Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where her father Pinhas Goldfarb, age 50 (born 1819) and mother Khana Goldfarb, age 34 (born 1835) are mentioned.

Family of El-Mordko Pinhasovich Goldfarb (1878) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1897, an entry was made about the marriage of El-Mordka Goldfarb, age 19 (born 1878), with Rifka Zigilman, age 16 (born 1881), in the city of Dubienka, where are mentioned his father Pinchas and mother Dvoira-Ita Goldfarb.

Family of Berko Goldfarb (1804 - 1862) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1867, an entry was made about the death of Berko Goldfarb, 63 years old (born 1804), in the city of Dubienka.

Family of Yos Goldfarb (1817) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Leib, Benjamin branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1869, a record was made of the birth of Malka Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where her father Yos Goldfarb, age 52 (born 1817) and mother Sura-Ruhlia Goldfarb, age 34 (b. p. 1835) are mentioned.

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
Fund 1724.
In this document, in 1872, a record was made about the birth of Elka-Tsirla Goldfarb, in the city of Dubienka, where her father Yos Goldfarb, age 55 years old (born 1817) and mother Sura-Ruhlia Goldfarb, age 37 years old ( b. 1835) are mentioned.

Goldfarbs from Lublin

History of the Jews in Lublin.
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/lublin-virtual-jewish-history-tour

Lublin once served as one the most important centers of Jewish life, commerce, culture and scholarship in Europe. It had the world's largest Talmudic school, Yeshiva. Lublin was also well known for its fairs and market days. Little remains today of its past splendor.

14th - 16th CenturiesJews came to Lublin as transients, in 1316. King Casmir III, in 1336, granted the Jews permission to settle on the outskirts of the city and King Sigismund I permitted Jews to settle near the castle.
By the mid-16th century, an autonomous Jewish city existed in the district. Jews were given land to build their own institutions and a cemetery. Jews were able to set up stalls and shops to sell their goods. A Hebrew printing press was opened in 1547 and produced many important publication. In 1568, Jews were allowed to bar Christians from living in their district.

The 16th century was a period of growth and enlightenment for the Jewish community of Lublin, which had the third largest Jewish community in Poland in this period. The Yeshiva was established in 1515 by Shalom Shachna and became a center of learning Talmud and kabalistic mysticism. The great scholarship of those who studied there, including Moses Isserles Remuh and Jakov ben Itzhak, led to the city being named the "Jewish Oxford." The sages of the yeshiva received the title of rector and equal rights to those in Polish universities with the permission of the King in 1567.
Also in 1567, Lublin’s most famous synagogue, the Maharshal Shul, was constructed. It was damaged in the great fire of 1655 and was subsequently rebuilt. Lublin also had strong communal institutions, such as a hevra kaddisha (responsible for burials) and a "preachers" house for visiting preachers. The city also hosted the Council of the Four Lands, the ruling political body for Jews in Poland and Lithuania established in 1580.

Tensions existed in Lublin between the 16th and 18th centuries between the Jews and the Polish High Court. Blood Libel cases at the Polish High Court led to attacks on Jews and their homes. In 1648-49, during the Chmielnicki uprising, many Lublin Jews suffered immensely.
The Jewish population of Lublin numbered 2,000 in 1602.

17th - 19th Centuries
The Jewish population of Lublin numbered 2,000 in 1602.
17th - 19th CenturiesIn 1655, the Cossack and Muscovite armies attacked Lublin and burned down the Jewish quarter, killing more than 2,000 people. Following this destruction, Jews began to buy shops in the Christian quarters of the city, which was not well received by the townsfolk. By 1787, the Jewish district was rebuilt and had a population of 3,500.
During the late 18th century, Lublin became a center for Hasidism. One famous Hasidic figure was the Tzaddik Jacob Isaac ha Hozeh (1745-1815), who became known as the Seer of Lublin. While blind, it was said that the Seer was able to see directly into people's souls. He died mysteriously by falling out of his window. The Eiger Hasidic dynasty also played an important role in the rise of Hasidism in Lublin.
At this time, opponents of Hasidism from the mitnagdit movement were also present in Lublin. Both groups had their own yeshivas and heders (small elementary schools).
In the 19th century, Lublin's Jews were only allowed to live in their own districts. Jews faced similar restrictions in other Polish towns during the partition period. They were permitted to buy land for civic purposes in 1862. At the time, the Jewish population was approximately 9,000.
Jewish commerce and industry expanded during the second half of the 1800's. In 1860, a Jew owned the largest cigarette factory. Jews owned 95 percent of businesses in the tanning industry. Jewish workers became an important sector of Jewish society. Trade unions were formed and the Bund became active in the early 1800's. A Jewish hospital was open in 1886, which contained bedrooms and a small synagogue. By the late 19th century, students in Jewish schools were taught in either Russian or Polish. In 1897, the first Hebrew school was established. By this time, the population had more than doubled the figure of 40 years earlier, reaching nearly 24,000.

The percentage of the Jewish population in the city of Lublin over the centuries.

Number of Jews in Lublin
Year Number
1568 - 500
1602 - 2000
1787 - 4231
1865 - 12 992
1931 - 38 937
1939 - 42 830
1945 - 4553
1990 - 10
2007 - 20

Photos of the Jewish quarter of Lublin

Aerial photograph of the Jewish quarter of Lublin, 1930.

Painting by Philip Dombeck, 1826 "General Zayoncek's Arrival in Lublin (detail)", which depicts the Jewish quarter of Lublin near the castle.

The Lublin Castle is a defensive and palace architectural complex in the Polish city of Lublin. The stately residence was founded around 1520 by King Sigismund I; in 1569, the Lublin Union was signed and ratified here. Subsequently, the complex was rebuilt several times until it acquired the current neo-gothic appearance.

The Jewish Quarter in Lublin, in Polish vernacular "Pesia Gorka" (Polish. Dzielnica żydowska w Lublinie) is a Jewish quarter that existed in Lublin near the Lublin Royal Castle from the beginning of the XV to the second half of the XX century. The Lublin Jewish Quarter played a significant historical role in the history of the Polish Jewish community.
The first mention of the Jewish community in Lublin dates back to 1316. In 1334, King Casimir III distributed to the Kingdom the Polish Kalisz Statute of Boleslav the Pious for Jewish communities that came out of the jurisdiction of Magdeburg law and became dependent on the Polish royal court. Jews began to settle on the outskirts of Lublin. In 1336, the Jewish community in Lublin totaled several dozen people. In 1396, Casimir IV allowed the Jews to settle on the side of a hill on which the Lublin Castle was located and whose area was called Podzamky.
In 1567, construction began on the Great Synagogue, later called the Maharshal Synagogue in honor of Rabbi Solomon Luria. In 1568, Sigismund I issued the Privilegium de non tolerandis Judaeis, which gave Jews the right to engage in trade and settle in Polish cities, with the exception of those who had the status of "royal city". At that time, numerous Jewish fairs began to appear in the Jewish quarter of Lublin, where Jews from all over Poland gathered. During these fairs, various issues were resolved by Jewish public figures. In the history of these fairs are known as "fair congresses", which later became the beginning of the Jewish Sejm of the four lands. In 1568, about 500 Jews lived in the Jewish quarter.
In 1581, the first Vaad of the Four Lands took place in the Jewish quarter. In 1608 about 2,000 people already lived in the Jewish quarter. In 1616, another Maharshal synagogue was built, named after Rabbi Meir ben Gedaliah, called Magarshal.
In 1655, Russian Cossack troops entered Lublin and committed Jewish pogroms, during which about 2000 people were killed. The Cossacks almost completely destroyed the Jewish quarter in Lublin.

Lublin. Jewish quarter street Podzamece. The beginning of the XX century.

Maharshal Synagogue

Lublin. View of the castle and the synagogue of Maharshal, 1901.

Lublin Jewish Quarter - 1938 Maharshala Synagogue

The Maharshala Synagogue or the Great Synagogue in Lublin (מהרשל־שול) is a non-existent synagogue, formerly located in Lublin (Poland) and destroyed during World War II by the German occupation forces during the liquidation of the Jewish quarter in Lublin. The synagogue was located on the north side of the Lublin castle hill. Named after the Lublin rabbi Solomon Luria, who had the nickname Maharshal. Before its destruction, the Magarshala synagogue, together with the synagogues of Magaram and Shiva Kreem, formed a significant single synagogue complex.
The synagogue was built around 1567 thanks to the privilege given to the Lublin Jewish community by the Polish king Sigismund II Augustus. The land plot for the synagogue was given by Isaac Maya. The Jewish community also received the right to organize the first Lublin yeshiva in the building of the future synagogue, which later gained fame among European Jews.

Ruined Maharshal synagogue in the Jewish quarter of Lublin 1942.

Parokhet of the Maharshal Synagogue, located today in the synagogue in Bielsko-Biala.

Maharshal synagogue, view inside.

Walk through the virtual model of the Jewish quarter (in Polish). (Large file mp4 -105 MB )

Walk through the virtual model of the Jewish quarter (in Polish).

Center "Grodzhinsky Gate - Theater NN" - a cultural institution of local government, based in Lublin. He is working on preserving cultural heritage and education.

Synagogue of Saul Wahl

Saul Yudich Wahl (Saul Katznellenbogen) ( Saul Wahl) - according to the legend of the Lithuanian Jews, was elected for one night by the Polish king, after the death of Stephen Batory.
Wahl really lived in Brest-Litovsk during the time of Sigismund III, who loved him and in 1589 allowed him to be called a royal servant and issued several privileges for Jews (Wahl’s petition). Wahl built a synagogue in Brest and put an inscription in it: “Saul Yudych, who has power, put this synagogue in memory of his Yards wife”. This inscription could serve as a source of legend.
J. Caro in his “Interregnum Polens im J. 1587” admits the possibility that a drunken gentry jokingly could have chosen for one night the rich and revered by all Jews Wahl the Polish king. According to legend, Wahl during his brief reign issued several privileges for the Jews of Poland. According to Professor Bershadsky, Wahl in the legend reflects the image of Sigismund III, who in fact endowed the Jews with what legend attributes to Wahl. Henry de Worms, Baron de Pirbright, Secretary of State in Lord Salisbury's office, is considered the descendant of this Wahl.

Alter-Sholem Kacyzne: “Lublin, 1924 Jew with a prayer book, praying in the synagogue of Saul Wahl". Synagogue of Saul Wahl, the oldest in the city.

Streets of the Jewish quarter of Lublin

Lublin, Kovalska Street, 1860.

Lublin, Podol street, circa 1900.

Lublin, Grodska Street, circa 1920.

Lublin, Podzamce street, 1901.

Lublin, the corner of Krakowski and Předmyski streets, 1901.

Jewish printing press and important publications of the Talmud and the 'Zohar'

Jewish printing houses of Lublin played a significant role in conveying religious tradition of Jews living not only in lands of the Commonwealth, but in the whole Europe. Talmud editions printed in Lublin, forbidden in Southern countries, very often took long journeys before they finally reached their addressees. Also “Zohar” and many other books that are important for Jewish tradition were published in printing offices of Lublin.

First and second editions of the Babylonian Talmud.

First edition of the Babylonian Talmud (1559 - 1577)

Second edition of Babylonian Talmud (1617 - 1628)

Talmud is a commentary to Torah, a type of code valid for every religious Jew. Through ages it has been the main point of reference, that the rabbis all around the world used to refer to, when they had to resolve various discussions on the adaptation of Torah laws to contemporary life conditions.

Babylonian Talmud was formulated in Babylonia in the beginning of 6th century, and it’s almost four times bigger than Jerusalem Talmud, that was formed in 4th century in Palestine. It was printed for the first time in Guadalajara (Spain) in 1480-1482. Lublin edition of Talmud was the seventh one and the first one in this part of Europe.

First Polish edition of Babylonian Talmud was printed in Lublin. First tractate of Babylonian Talmud - “Shevu’ot” - was published in 1559, and it took another 18 years to publish other tractates.

Lublin edition of 'Zohar' (1623)

Lublin edition of 'Zohar' ('Sefer ha Zohar' - 'Book of Splendour'), as well as two editions of Babylonian Talmud, evidences how high was the level of Jewish printing houses in Lublin during its Golden Age.

'Sefer ha Zohar' is a medieval mystical creation written in Aramaic and Hebrew. It is composed of 20 tractates describing creation of the world, commentaries to Pentateuch and others. It is one of the most extensive Jewish texts (2400 pages).

Until 20th century only three full editions of this book were published, including the Lublin one. The very first edition of 'Zohar' was published in Cremona, in 1559. Based on this edition, the Lublin edition of 'Zohar' was published in 1623. During short period of time (1558 – 1560) another, competitive edition of 'Zohar' came out in Mantua. The Lublin edition is the third one in Europe.

Descendants of Abraham (Goldfarb tree)

FAMILY OF ABRAHAM GOLDFARB (~ 1710)

State Archive of the city of Przemysl.
In this document, in 1826, a record was made of the death of Shamson Goldfarb, in the town of Zavichost (located between Peremyshl and Lublin,
Age 64 years old 1762,
Where is it mentioned
His father: Abraham
His mother: Sprintsya

Shamson branch (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham)

FAMILY OF SHAMSON ABRAHAMOVICHA GOLDFARB (1762 - 1826)

Family of Faywil Shamsonovich Goldfarb (1790 - 1835) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Shamson branch)

State Archive of the city of Przemysl.
In this document, in 1826, a record was made of the birth of Abus Goldfarb, in the town of Zavichost, son of the Faywil and Sora Goldfarb, 36 years old,

Where is it mentioned
father of Faywil: Shamson

State Archive of the city of Przemysl.
In this document, in 1835, a record was made of the death of Feywil Goldfarb, in the town of Zavichost, 45 years old,

Where is it mentioned
His wife: Sora
His daughter: Ester
His sons: Hill, Yoska, Abel, Shulim

Family of Shamson Shamsonovich Goldfarb (1831) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Shamson branch)

State Archive of the city of Przemysl.
In this document, in 1873, a record was made of the birth of Leyzer Goldfarb, son of Shamshon (42 years old) and Nekhuma (30 years old) in the town of Zavichost.

Goldfarbs from Sieniawa

Sieniawa (From “The Frider family” http://chorashim.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_9105.html)

Sieniawa is a town located on the eastern bank of the San River in western Galicia, in the south of Poland. Sieniawa was a shtetl a typical Eastern European Jewish town. Which developed out of an agricultural village whose lands belonged to a local nobleman whose estate and palace were most often situated near the village. The local importance of Sieniawa was due to the fact that it is on the banks of the river and was an important crossroads which led to the cities of Jaroslaw and Przeworsk, which are located to the south.

At the end of the 19th century, there were some 3,600 residents in Sieniawa, with more than half (2,100) Jews. The other residents were Poles and Ukrainians, most of them Catholic. In the town there was a commercial and crafts life, and the inhabitants were engaged in trades such as masonry, tailoring, furry, butchery, snailry and pottery. Since the town was adjacent to the Sen River, a wide river that flowed from the Carpathian Mountains and connected to the Wiesla River, the largest of the rivers of Poland that reached Warsaw and spilled into the Baltic Sea, there were quite a few of the townspeople who were engaged in trade and transport by riverboats.

Galicia, as the area of the book between Poland and the Austro-Hungarian Empire to the south, has passed by hand for the past centuries. Since Sieniawa is located on the bank of the Sen River, which sometimes served as a border zone between the parties in the various wars,

During the First World War, the area was conquered by the Russian Empire and a year later occupied by the Austrian Empire. The area passed from side to side many times during which most of the houses in Sieniawa were damaged, destroyed and caught on fire, including the houses of the Jews. At the end of the First World War and the dismantling of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Galicia came under Polish control.

As mentioned above, more than half of the town's residents were Jews, some traditional and some "ultra-Orthodox" who belonged mainly to the Hasidic stream. In Sieniawa there was a large Hasidic community known as "Shinova Hasidism" and was one of the extremist Sanz Hasidim factions. The spirit of education that spread in Europe in the 19th century did not pass Sieniawa and many of the Jewish youth turned their backs on religion. Some picked up his belongings and set out to find his fortune in America, some found his place within the plethora of Jewish and Zionist movements that emerged in the early 20th century. As with any Jewish community, there was a large synagogue and a cemetery still in the town's lowlands with over 800 headstones, some of them magnificent.

Jewish emigration from Russia in 1880-1928.
(http://www.pseudology.org/evrei/EmigratsiyaMap.htm)

Since 1881, a wave of pogroms swept through southern Russia. Because of the pogroms and extreme poverty in which most Jews lived in Russia, mass emigration began, primarily to the United States. 1905 - 1910 years - the peak of Jewish emigration to the United States from Russia. Over these five years, more than half a million Jews have come to the country. 1919 - а wave of pogroms was instigated in Ukraine and Poland, inspired by Ukrainе, Polish and White armies and Cossacks. More than five hundred Jewish settlements were damaged and thousands of Jews were killed.

Ellis Island is an island in the harbor of New York was the gateway to millions of immigrants in the United States, as an immigration inspection station from 1892 to 1954. The main port of entry to Ellis Island was admitting 12 million arrivals from 1892 to 1954. While many remained in the region, others dispersed throughout America, more than 10 million leaving the nearby terminal of the Central Railway Station of New Jersey. Immigrants were met by the federal immigration station Ellis Island - the largest gateway to the United States. Here, the Russian Jew had to defend his right of entry. Immigration officials conducted a thorough medical examination, looked into the soul and wallet, asked in detail about the relatives and intentions. If the arriving person suffered from infectious diseases (tuberculosis, trachoma), his shipping company provided a return journey. Immigrants did not accidentally call Ellis Island "island of tears", as every day here played out human tragedies and people's lives were broken. The past immigration control entered a new life.

From the newspaper "Russkoe slovo", March 4 (February 19), 1906: "NEW YORK, February 17 (March 2). Today, 2000 Russian emigrants arrived on the steamer "Pennsylvania". This is the highest, observed so far, the number of daytime the arrival of emigrants. Over the past year, more than 150,000 Jewish immigrants arrived here, 60,000 of whom settled in New York".

April 1907 was a busy time for officials on Ellis Island. During this historic month of US immigration, the port of New York received 197 ships and more than a quarter of a million passengers from around the world. Most of these visitors were immigrants intent on creating a new life in America. The busy day ever registered at Ellis Island Immigrant Processing was on April 17, 1907. On that day, officials processed 11,747 arrivals compared to a typical day with only 5,000 arrivals.

The Approximately every second American now has in his genealogical tree at least one person who came to the US through this island!

Background: 1897 - there were about five million Jews living in Russia, despite the almost immigrant emigration since 1881. In some cities, the Jewish population was predominant or large. For example, 80% of Jews in Berdichev, 76% in Belostok, 52% in Minsk, 45% in Vilnius and 35% in Odessa. In total for the years 1881-1912, 1 million 889 thousand Jews emigrated from Russia, 84% of them in the USA, 8.5% - in England, 2.2% - in Canada. During this period, Russian Jews accounted for about 4% of the population of the Russian Empire, but they accounted for 70% of all Jewish emigration to the United States.

The number of Jewish immigrants from 1897 to 1914, as long as the German war did not close the border, is estimated in different ways. According to the Jewish Statistical Society for 1917, since 1897, 938 thousand people left Russia, that is 24% of the Jewish population recorded in the 1897 census - one in four. According to the data in the Electronic Jewish Encyclopedia, from 1881 to 1914, Jewish emigration from the Russian Empire (together with the Kingdom of Poland) amounted to 1 million 980 thousand people; the vast majority of emigrants - about 80% - went to the United States.

To give up the settled life, which grandfathers and great-grandfathers lived, and only "brave people" who could see the prospect outside the native shtetl (place) could start "chasing a crane in the sky" ("в погоню за журавлем в небе", rus.). "In America, people do not live, in America people are saved," Sholem Aleichem wrote, who in 1914 finally landed in New York. And, as it was difficult, Jews from Russia took root overseas - until 1914, only 7% of those who had left returned. http://magazines.russ.ru/znamia/2013/4/n8.html

Second Ellis Island Immigration Station, opened on December 17, 1900 г. (photo 1905 г.)

Brooklyn Museum - Climbing into the Promised Land Ellis Island*) - Lewis Wickes Hine

In the Registry Room, immigrants wait their turn for processing by immigration officials.

Immigrants on an Atlantic liner, photograph by Edwin Levick Date: 1906 г.

Elena and Leo Maloratsky and their granddaughter at the place of arrival of their ancestors.

Old photos of Sieniawa

Cloth Hall (sukiennice), Synagogue is visible in the background. Sieniawa, 1910.

Synagogue and its surroundings.
During the World War I it was used as shelter and was in use until 1940.

Sieniawa. Pharmacy view. ~ 1900.

Jewish cemetery. Sieniawa.

Prayer in the ohel of Jechiezkiel Szraga Halberstam at the cemetery in Sieniawa

Sieniawa map 1897

Sieniawa (1779-1783). Map of Galicia - The first Military Survey.

The information collected about Goldfarbs from Sieniawa is found in the following sources:
Geni Genealogy Website
Polish State Archives

Family of Joseph Goldfarb (~1810) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Shamson branch)
Information from the GENI website

Joseph Goldfarb

Birthdate: estimated between 1726 and 1844

Death: ?

Immediate Family: Father оf Shimon Eliezer Goldfarb

Family of Shimon Eliezar Goldfarb (~1830) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Shamson branch)
Information from the GENI website

Simon (Shimon) Luser (Eliezer) Goldfarb
Birthdate:
estimated between 1794 and 1844

Birthplace:
Sieniawa, Przeworsk County, Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Poland

Death:
circa 1891

Immediate Family:
Son of Joseph Goldfarb
Husband of Esther Goldfarb; Esther Schendeland Hene Goldfarb
Father of Joshua (Shaya) Yehuda (Leib) Goldfarb; Aron Zev Goldfarb; Mollie Malya Goldfarb; Reb Alter Simcha a'h Simcha Goldfarb; Reisel Wulwik; Esther Regenbogenand Hersch Goldfarb

Family of Joshua-Leib Goldfarb (~1850 - 1904) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Shamson branch)

State Archives in Rzeszów
In this document, in 1884, a record was made of the birth of Lea Goldfarb, in the town of Rzeszow, daughter of the joshua-Leib and Fendel-Rivka Goldfarb.

State Archives in Rzeszów
In this document, in 1912, a record was made of the marriage of Lea Goldfarb and Ozyasz Friefeld, in the town of Rzeszow, daughter of the Joshua-Leib and Fendel-Rivka Goldfarb.

State Archives in Rzeszów
In this document, in 1883, a record was made of the birth of twins boys Goldfarb, in the town of Rzeszow, sons of the Joshua-Leib and Fendel-Rivka Goldfarb.

State Archives in Rzeszów
In this document, in 1887, a record was made of the birth of Sara Goldfarb, in the town of Rzeszow, daughter of the joshua-Leib and Fendel-Rivka Goldfarb.

State Archives in Rzeszów
In this document, in 1889, a record was made of the death of Sara Goldfarb, in the town of Rzeszow, daughter of the joshua-Leib and Fendel-Rivka Goldfarb.

State Archives in Rzeszów
In this document, in 1880, a record was made of the birth of Abraham-Chaim Goldfarb, in the town of Rzeszow, son of the Joshua-Leib and Fendel-Rivka Goldfarb.

State Archives in Rzeszów
In this document, in 1878, a record was made of the birth of Frimet Goldfarb, in the town of Rzeszow, daughter of the Joshua-Leib and Fendel-Rivka Goldfarb.

Family of Shimon Eliezar Goldfarb (~1830) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Shamson branch)

Amongst the passenger, arriving to the United States listed the family of Alter Goldfarb, rabin, son of Shimon Eliezar Goldfarb. September 1, 1923, from Sieniawa.
His wife Mala
His daughters: Khaya-Leya and Tauba

State Archive of the city of Przemysl.
In this document, in 1870, a record was made of the birth of Hersh Goldfarb, in the town of Sieniawa, son of the Shimon and Hene Goldfarb.

State Archive of the city of Przemysl.
In this document, in 1879, a record was made of the birth of Yosef-Efroim Goldfarb, in the town of Sieniawa, son of Aron and Ester-Leya Goldfarb, grandson of Shimom Luzer Goldfarb.

Where Aron Goldfarb mentioned as a goldsmith.

State Archive of the city of Przemysl.
In this document, in 1880, a record was made of the birth of Mendel Kulwik, in the town of Sieniawa, son of Pinkas Kulwik and Leya Goldfarb.

Where Leya’s father Shimom Luzer Goldfarb mentioned as a schuldiener
Please note that the word Schuldiener means a school clerk in the Synagogue (in Polish – Schkolnik *).

*)In Eastern Europe, the word "school" ("shule" in Yiddish) did not mean a school in the modern sense, but a synagogue (for example, in Prague the famous synagogue of Maharal is called "Altneushule", that is, "Old-New School"), since for Jews the synagogue is not an analogue of the church, it is not a place exclusively for worship, but, more often, it is the place where the Law is studied - the Written and Oral Torah. In addition, at the synagogue, as a rule, educational institutions functioned - heder, yeshiva, bet-midrakh.

At the end of the 18th century, the Austrian emperor Joseph developed a reform according to which the rabbis were exclusively in the district towns, in the rest of the cities the so-called "schkolnik" (Schulsinger) were to manage the affairs of the synagogue. Formally, they were assigned the functions of administrators, although in fact they often performed the duties of a rabbi.

State Archive of the city of Przemysl.
In this document, in 1890, a record was made of the birth of тwins Abraham and Simon Luser Kulwik, in the town of Sieniawa, son of Pinkas Kulwik and Reisel Goldfarb.

Where Reisel’s father Shimom Luzer Goldfarb mentioned as a schuldiener
Please note that the word Schuldiener means a school clerk in the Synagogue (in Polish – Schkolnik).

State Archive of the city of Przemysl.
In this document, in 1891, a record was made of the marriage of Alter Goldfarb and Mali Sigel, in the town of Sieniawa, son of Shimon and Hene Goldfarb.

State Archive of the city of Przemysl.
In this document, in 1891, a record was made of the birth of Simon-Luzer Goldfarb, in the town of Sieniawa, son of Alter Goldfarb and Mali Sigel.

Where Alter Goldfarb mentioned as a schuldiener.
Please note that the word Schuldiener means a school clerk in the Synagogue (in Polish – Schkolnik)

Family of Mollia-Malia Goldfarb (1858-1934) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Shamson branch)
Information from the GENI website

Mollie Malya Goldfarb

Birthdate: 1858
Birthplace: Sieniawa, Przeworsk County, Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Poland
Death: December 06, 1934 (76)
New York, Kings County, New York, United States

Immediate Family:
Daughter of Shimon Eliezer Goldfarb; Hene Goldfarb and Esther Schendel
Wife of Nesanel David Goldfarb
Mother of Lina Grantz; Israel Goldfarb; Albert Goldfarb; Rose Schechter; Lillian Kneitel, Dorothy Rhine; Samuel Eliezer Goldfarb; Benjamin Goldfarb; Saul Goldfarb; Joseph Goldfarb and Bella (Billie) Spero (Goldfarb)
Sister of Reisel Wulwik; Reb Alter Simcha a'h Simcha Goldfarb; Esther Regenbogen; Hersch Goldfarb; Joshua (Shaya) Yehuda (Leib) Goldfarb and 1 other
Half sister of Joshua (Shaya) Yehuda (Leib) Goldfarb

State Archive of the city of Przemysl.
In this document, in 1891, a record was made of the birth of Simon Luzer Goldfarb, in the town of Sieniawa, son of Mollia-Malia Goldfarb and Nesanel Dovid Goldfarb (Brier).

Where Malia’s father Shimom Luzer Goldfarb mentioned as a schuldiener
Please note that the word Schuldiener means a school clerk in the Synagogue (in Polish – Schkolnik).

Family of Samuel Eliezer Goldfarb, son of David (1891-1978) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Shamson branch)
Information from the GENI website

Samuel Eliezer Goldfarb
Hebrew: שמואל גולדפרב

Birthdate: June 18, 1891
Birthplace: New York, New York, United States
Death: October 22, 1978 (87)
Mercer Island, King, Washington, United States

Immediate Family:
Son of Nesanel David Goldfarb and Mollie Malya Goldfarb
Husband of Bella Goldfarb and Sylvia Goldfarb
Father of Ruth Lichtenstein; Dr. Myron Gordon; Private; Private and Michael Goldfarb
Brother of Lina Grantz; Israel Goldfarb; Albert Goldfarb; Rose Schechter; Lillian Kneitel; Dorothy Rhine; Benjamin Goldfarb; Saul Goldfarb; Joseph Goldfarb and Bella (Billie) Spero (Goldfarb)

Family of Lina Grantz (Goldfarb), (1878-1942) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Shamson branch)
Information from the GENI website

Lena Grantz (Goldfarb)

Birthdate: 1878
Birthplace: Sieniawa, Poland
Death: September 1942 (64)
Brooklyn, New York, United States (Diabetes)

Immediate Family:
Daughter of Nesanel David Goldfarb and Mollie Malya Goldfarb
Wife of Aaron Grantz
Mother of A. Irwin (Al) Grantz; Mathilda Brandwein; Hansa Goldstone; Sheila Ebbin; Belle Shaw and 1 other
Sister of Israel Goldfarb; Albert Goldfarb; Rose Schechter; Lillian Kneitel; Dorothy Rhine; Samuel Eliezer Goldfarb; Benjamin Goldfarb; Saul Goldfarb; Joseph Goldfarb and Bella (Billie) Spero (Goldfarb)

Family of Israel Goldfarb (1879-1967) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Shamson branch)
Information from the GENI website

Israel Goldfarb

Birthdate: December 22, 1879
Birthplace: Sieniawa, Przeworsk County, Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Poland
Death: February 13, 1967 (87)
Oceanside, Nassau County, NY, United States

Immediate Family:
Son of Nesanel David Goldfarb and Mollie Malya Goldfarb
Husband of Fanny Goldfarb (Kessler)
Father of Thelma Rubinow; Hannah Michelman; Leah Goldfarb Alterman; Private and Private
Brother of Lina Grantz; Albert Goldfarb; Rose Schechter; Lillian Kneitel; Dorothy Rhine; Samuel Eliezer Goldfarb; Benjamin Goldfarb; Saul Goldfarb; Joseph Goldfarb and Bella (Billie) Spero (Goldfarb)

State Archive of the city of Przemysl.
In this document, in 1878, a record was made of the birth of Israel Goldfarb, in the town of Sieniawa, son of Nesanel-Dawid Breier and Malie Goldfarb, grandson of Shimom Luzer Goldfarb.

Where Malie’s father Shimom Luzer Goldfarb mentioned as a schuldiener.
Please note that the word Schuldiener means a school clerk in the Synagogue (in Polish – Schkolnik).

Harrison Street Synagogue

School Building

Rabbi Israel Goldfarb Years: 1905-1961
https://kanestreet.org/about/history/

Historically known as The Mother Synagogue of Brooklyn, Kane Street Synagogue is the oldest Jewish Congregation that still serves the Brooklyn neighborhood in which it was founded. Founding members of our predecessor Congregation Baith Israel included attorneys and tailors, a hatter, furrier, barroom owner, mason, rabbi, pawnbroker, builder and carpenter.

In 1905, the Congregation of Boerum Place Synagogue moved to its present home on Kane Street, which until 1928 was known as Harrison Street Synagogue. Both the sanctuary and meeting building were built in 1855 as a Middle Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. Interim owners of the property were the Salvation Army and the Trinity German Lutheran Church. Baith Israel dedicated the synagogue on Washington’s Birthday, joyfully placing the sefer Torahs in the Ark that was relocated from the Boerum Place Synagogue. By August, Israel Goldfarb, a recent Jewish Theological Seminary graduate from Sieniawa, Austria Poland, started in the position of Chazzan and Sunday school director. Rabbi Goldfarb became the synagogue’s rabbi the following year and served as its spiritual leader for sixty years.

The synagogue flourished during the early decades of Rabbi Goldfarb’s tenure. In 1908, Baith Israel merged with Talmud Torah Anshei Emes, a Degraw Street Shul whose members practiced strict Eastern European traditions. This blended Congregation, Baith Israel Anshei Emes, BIAE, presented tremendous challenges for its leaders. While the majority of pews held mixed seating, the bruderen from Anshei Emes occupied an all-men section of pews at the front left of the sanctuary. The celebrated composer Aaron Copland, a 1913 Bar Mitzvah, recalled in his autobiography that “On Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, the elder greybeards of the Congregation stretched themselves out prone in the aisles of the synagogue and prayed for forgiveness of man’s evil ways.” Throughout his years at BIAE, the presence of two traditions at the synagogue challenged Rabbi Goldfarb to find creative, practical solutions to ritual practice. When women were added to the choral group, the Rabbi moved the choir from the main floor of the sanctuary to the organ loft, where their presence would be less offensive to traditionalists who preferred separate seating.

In his book “Copland 1900 Through 1942” the composer acknowledged Goldfarb’s influence on his life. Without his encouragement, Copland may not have pursued his music studies in Paris. As a high school student Aaron enlisted the rabbi’s help to convince his father to let him study music instead of law. “By curious coincidence our rabbi, Israel Goldfarb, was himself a composer of liturgical music and the possessor of a fine baritone voice. Rabbi Goldfarb was a sensitive human being and an effective leader of his congregation.” Rabbi Goldfarb enhanced Shabbat and holiday services with music. He brought in choral directors for the children’s and adult choirs and introduced congregational singing to the service. He compiled ten books of music, including The Jewish Songster. He is known for composing the melodies to “Shalom Aleichem” and “Magein Avot”, still sung in most Ashkenazi synagogues throughout the United States. Many Goldfarb melodies premiered at BIAE. Rabbi Goldfarb taught Hazzanut at the Jewish Theological Seminary and founded the School of Sacred Music of the Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion. During Rabbi Goldfarb’s tenure, the synagogue made vital contributions to the Jewish community. The congregation participated in the establishment of the Brooklyn Federation of Jewish Charities and was a charter member of the United Synagogue of America. Three of the twenty-two founders of United Synagogue were from this synagogue – Rabbi Goldfarb, Michael Salit and Isaac Applebaum. Louis Moss served as United Synagogue president for a number of years. Pincus Weinberg, President from 1919 – 22, established the Midwood Jewish Center. Rabbi Goldfarb served as president of the Brooklyn Jewish Ministers Association. Despite Rabbi Goldfarb’s beloved following, membership steadily decreased as more and more Jews moved from the area. The Centennial Celebrations in 1956 provided a brief burst of energy for the Congregation and produced funds to maintain the Synagogue.

Family of Albert Goldfarb (1883-1967) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Shamson branch)
Information from the GENI website

Albert Goldfarb

Birthdate: 1883
Death: 1967 (84)

Immediate Family:
Son of Nesanel David Goldfarb and Mollie Malya Goldfarb
Husband of Martha Goldfarb
Father of Hannah Tarry; Gertrude Welkes (Goldfarb) and Harold Goldfarb
Brother of Lina Grantz; Israel Goldfarb; Rose Schechter; Lillian Kneitel; Dorothy Rhine; Samuel Eliezer Goldfarb; Benjamin Goldfarb; Saul Goldfarb; Joseph Goldfarb and Bella (Billie) Spero (Goldfarb).

Family of Rose Schechter (Goldfarb) (1885-1948) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Shamson branch)
Information from the GENI website

Rose Schechter (Goldfarb)

Birthdate: 1885
Birthplace: Sieniawa, Podkarpackie, Polska
Death: 1948 (63)

Immediate Family:
Daughter of Nesanel David Goldfarb and Mollie Malya Goldfarb
Wife of David Schechter
Mother of Hannah Klemes (Schechter); Manny Schechter; Belle Schechter; Abe Schechter; Joey Schechter; Sam Schechter; Libby Schechter; Tuly Schechter; Shye Jasper (Schechter) and Bella Spero
Sister of Lina Grantz; Israel Goldfarb; Albert Goldfarb; Lillian Kneitel; Dorothy Rhine; Samuel Eliezer Goldfarb; Benjamin Goldfarb; Saul Goldfarb; Joseph Goldfarb and Bella (Billie) Spero (Goldfarb)

Family of Lillian Kneitel (Goldfarb) (1886-1963) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Shamson branch)
Information from the GENI website

Lillian Kneitel (Goldfarb)

Birthdate: 1886
Death: June 1963 (77)

Immediate Family:Daughter of Nesanel David Goldfarb and Mollie Malya Goldfarb
Wife of Morris Kneitel
Mother of Arnold Kneitel; Fred Kneitel; Private; Private; Private; Private; Private and Private
Sister of Lina Grantz; Israel Goldfarb; Albert Goldfarb; Rose Schechter; Dorothy Rhine; Samuel Eliezer Goldfarb; Benjamin Goldfarb; Saul Goldfarb; Joseph Goldfarb and Bella (Billie) Spero (Goldfarb)

Family of Dorothy (Dora) Rhine (Goldfarb) (1888-1978) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Shamson branch)
Information from the GENI website

Dorothy (Dora) Rhine (Goldfarb)

Birthdate: August 16, 1888
Birthplace: Austria
Death: January 21, 1978 (89)
Brooklyn, Kings County, New York, United States

Immediate Family:
Daughter of Nesanel David Goldfarb and Mollie Malya Goldfarb
Wife of Leo Rhine
Mother of Lester Rhine; Abraham Rhine; Edna Beer; Bella Chasky and Private
Sister of Lina Grantz; Israel Goldfarb; Albert Goldfarb; Rose Schechter; Lillian Kneitel; Samuel Eliezer Goldfarb; Benjamin Goldfarb; Saul Goldfarb; Joseph Goldfarb and Bella (Billie) Spero (Goldfarb)

Family of Benjamin Goldfarb (1895-1969) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Shamson branch)
Information from the GENI website

Benjamin Goldfarb

Birthdate: 1895
Birthplace: Sieniawa, Przeworsk County, Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Poland
Death: October 12, 1969 (74)
Staten Island, USA, New York, United States

Immediate Family:
Son of Nesanel David Goldfarb and Mollie Malya Goldfarb
Husband of Lillian Pearlman
Father of Gloria Tilzer and Private
Brother of Lina Grantz; Israel Goldfarb; Albert Goldfarb; Rose Schechter; Lillian Kneitel; Dorothy Rhine; Samuel Eliezer Goldfarb; Saul Goldfarb; Joseph Goldfarb and Bella (Billie) Spero (Goldfarb)

Family of Saul Goldfarb (1895-1963) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Shamson branch)
Information from the GENI website

Saul Goldfarb

Birthdate: 1895
Death: 1968 (73)

Immediate Family:
Son of Nesanel David Goldfarb and Mollie Malya Goldfarb
Husband of Rae Goldfarb
Father of Private
Brother of Lina Grantz; Israel Goldfarb; Albert Goldfarb; Rose Schechter; Lillian Kneitel; Dorothy Rhine; Samuel Eliezer Goldfarb; Benjamin Goldfarb; Joseph Goldfarb and Bella (Billie) Spero (Goldfarb)

Family of Joseph Goldfarb (1898-1963) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Shamson branch)
Information from the GENI website

Joseph Goldfarb

Birthdate: 1898
Birthplace: Sieniawa, Przeworsk County, Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Poland
Death: 1963 (65)

Immediate Family:
Son of Nesanel David Goldfarb and Mollie Malya Goldfarb
Husband of Jeanette Goldfarb
Father of Grace Salomon and Private User
Brother of Lina Grantz; Israel Goldfarb; Albert Goldfarb; Rose Schechter; Lillian Kneitel; Dorothy Rhine; Samuel Eliezer Goldfarb; Benjamin Goldfarb; Saul Goldfarb and Bella (Billie) Spero (Goldfarb)

Family of Bella Spero (Goldfarb) (1899-1990) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Shamson branch)
Information from the GENI website

Bella (Billie) Spero (Goldfarb)

Birthdate: 1899
Birthplace: New York, NY
Death: July 01, 1990 (91)
Brooklyn, NY

Immediate Family:
Daughter of Nesanel David Goldfarb and Mollie Malya Goldfarb
Wife of Earl Harold Spero
Mother of Private and Hermia Warshaw
Sister of Lina Grantz; Israel Goldfarb; Albert Goldfarb; Rose Schechter; Lillian Kneitel; Dorothy Rhine; Samuel Eliezer Goldfarb; Benjamin Goldfarb; Saul Goldfarb and Joseph Goldfarb

Khaim Branch (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham)

Family of Khaim Abramovich Goldfarb (1782) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Khaim branch)

State Archives of the City of Lublin.
In this document, in 1827, a record was made of the birth of Abram Goldfarb, the son of Khaim Abramovich and Ita Goldfarb, in the city of Wieniawa.

Gershko Branch (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham)

Goldfarbs from Wieniawa
Wieniawa is a town that no longer exists separately on maps, rarely even marked as a district of the city of Lublin, which swallowed it in parts from the 19th to the middle of the 20th century. There are few signs that a separate city has ever existed, not to mention the fact that for a long time it had its own city law. Most residents of Lublin have never heard of Wieniawa, despite its continued existence until World War II, and often confuse it with Wieniawska. Wieniawska is located further north, on the other side of the Chekhovka River Valley, and is a recent community named after a famous 19th-century violinist. Vinyava still lives in the minds of some anti-Semitic, neo-Nazi Poles, and so the name sometimes appears as part of graffiti on the wall. It’s not that Wenjava was a completely Jewish city, but out of 227 houses during the First World War, 131 were Jews and 96 were Christians. To understand the history of Vinyava, you also need to understand something about the history of Poland, as well as about Lublin.

The history of Wieniawa
The history of Wieniawa dates back to the 15th century. In 1455, Jan Kreidlar and Jakub Kreidlar owned these lands, which at that time were used as gardens. In the 16th century, gardens and farmsteads (a large serf farm producing mainly cereals) were bought by the Lubomelsky family, and later became the property of Wojciech Ochko - a doctor and royal secretary. In the 17th century, the vast lands of the Lyubomelsky family became the property of the Leshchinsky family (which used the Wieniawa coat of arms), and then the Gorasky family.
In 1660, Vinyava appears in documents as a noble law (jurydyka is a settlement adjacent to the city, but independent of its laws and powers), with 60 houses. The city authorities for a long time unsuccessfully fought for the abolition of law. In 1768, the parliament declared Wieniawa land ownership. In 1826, Potocki sold the government a small private city of Wieniawa. in 1916, Wieniawa was included in Lublin.

The first mention of this place was a village that belonged to the Lubomirsky family, later, in the 18th century, it was the property of the Tarlow family. At the beginning of the 17th century, the elected King Swede Zygmunt III Vasa transferred the capital of Poland from Krakow to Warsaw. Thanks to this, Venyava found himself on a new commercial and administrative route, and the Leshchansky family, the current owners of the village, received the city’s rights to their village. The name of the village, now the city, comes from the name of the coat of arms of the Leshchansky family, called Wenyawa. This city was founded and existed in private hands until 1826, when it was bought by the state. The trade route can be traced today from the Old Town of Lublin, which runs along the streets Zielona, Radziwillowski, Povyatova and Leshchinsky. Leszczynskiego street was named after the owners of the city.

A map of Wieniawa in 1783 showing the location of the Synagogue and the Jewish cemetery.

A sketch of Wieniawa with the upper and lower Chekhovka from the map of the city of Lublin prepared by Geometer Letsky in 1783.

Descriptions of Wieniawa
Stanisław Krzesiński, actor from Lublin, who had seen Wieniawa in 1827, described it in his booklet called "Two Impressions, or Lublin as it was in 1827 and as it is in 1877":
This little town, mostly Jewish, scattered on the hills, had its mayor and all the little town privileges, fairs were taking place here, there were markets and a few Jewish shops, namely the famous mead manufactures, visited by those who used the local bath house, which, although dirty and sloppy, was the only one in Lublin.

“Gazeta Lubelska” (“The Lublin Gazette”) from 1892
I have seen many Jewish towns in our province, appalling because of their sordid appearance, but none of them made such a miserable impression on me, like Wieniawa near Lublin. (...) Not to mention the impassable sludge during the spring melt and in autumn, because this could be solved by cobbing or paving roads. Today, they still throw and spill all the sewage right on the street, where it decays, and the smell that taints the air, spreads all over the town. Some of the deserted houses are in danger of collapsing, many others are uninhabited because of their age, others are without roofs - in short, wieniawa makes a miserable impression (...)
As it was explained to us, goats are the only asset of local Jewish women, who breed them and in the summer take them to Lublin every day. Jewish women visit people’s houses, trying to sell goat milk as a drink for frail children. In the early 20th century, Jews of Wieniawa constituted nearly 70% of settlement’s population and were still trying to maintain their municipal independence, despite the town being separated from Lublin only by the Saski Garden. It was then that Wieniawa saw a cobbled road, built on request from the headquarters of the Russian Army, which had some units displaced in Lublin.

Photos of old Wieniawa
http://www.biblioteka.teatrnn.pl/dlibra/dlibra/sresults?action=SearchSimilarAction&eid=17459

Synagogue in 1916.
The synagogue was built according to an elongated plan, located on the east-west axis. Its cube-shaped body was compact, divided by a cornice into two floors and covered with a pitched roof. A corridor with a separate staircase leading to the women's gallery on the 1st floor is adjacent to the western side of the synagogue. The main dimensions of the hall are approx. 12 x 10 m. The western elevation was divided into three parts of equal width with the help of four classical pilasters. The entablature of the western elevation was protected by a tympanum opposite the stepped pediment. The windows of the main hall and the women's hall were regularly located along the walls. All windows with arched lintels were located on the same level. There were three windows in each of the eastern and western walls. The north and south walls had three windows from the main hall and one from the women's gallery each. The cornice passed at the level of window sills.

Where the Cosmos cinema stands today, there was a market square, the current intersection of Stanislav Leshchinsky and Dlugosh streets. Most of the population was Jewish, their brickwork, and a notable synagogue stood in the middle of the market square. Venyava was famous for its hotels and taverns. The building on 50 Leszczynskiego Street dates from the first half of the 19th century and was originally the town hall (Magistrat). Between Leshchinsky and Solidarity there was a Jewish cemetery from the second half of the 18th century until 1940.

Wieniawa's tavern, photograph of the 1920s / 30s. Located on the banks of the Chekhovka River.

Wieniawa, photograph of the 1920s / 30s.

Wieniawa, photographs of the 1930s.

Wieniawa, 1940. Liquidation of the Jewish quarter.

Wieniawa, 1940. Ruins of the Jewish quarter.

Family of Abraham Gershkovich Goldfarb (1799) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Gershko branch)

State Archive of the city of Lublin.
In this document in 1829 a record was made of the marriage of Abraham Goldfarb (30 years, b. 1799) and Idel Zemel (24 years, b. 1805) in the town of Wieniawa,
Where is mentioned
Abraham's father: Gershko,
Abraham's mother: Tauba.

State Archive of the city of Lublin.
In this document, in 1840, a record was made of the birth of Gershko Goldfarb, the son of Abram and Khana Goldfarb in the town of Wieniawa.

State Archive of the city of Lublin.
In this document, in 1843, a record was made of the death of Gershko-Joseph Goldfarb (2 years and 9 months, b 1840), the son of Abram and Khana Goldfarb in the town of Wieniawa.

State Archive of the city of Lublin.
In this document, in 1838, the birth of Tauba Goldfarb, the daughter of Abram and Khana Goldfarb in the town of Wieniawa, was recorded.

State Archive of the city of Lublin.
In this document, in 1839, a record was made of the death of Tauba Goldfarb, the daughter of Abram and Khana Goldfarb in the town of Wieniawa.

State Archive of the city of Lublin.
In this document, in 1836, a record was made of the death of a newborn, at Abram and Khana Goldfarb in the town of Wieniawa.

State Archive of the city of Lublin.
In this document, in 1841, the birth of Faynel Goldfarb, the daughter of Abram and Khana Goldfarb in the town of Wieniawa, was recorded.

Family of Israel Goldfarb (1834) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Gershko branch)

State Archive of the city of Lublin.
In this document, in 1858, a record was made of the birth of Simsha Goldfarb, the son of Israel and Udli Goldfarb in the town of Wieniawa.

Mendel-Yos Goldfarb family (~ 1785) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Gershko branch)

State Archive of the city of Lublin.
In this document, in 1847, a record was made of the marriage of Abraham Goldfarb (28 years old, b. 1819) and Hinka Khiveder (27 years old, b. 1820) in the town of Wieniawa,
Where is mentioned
Abraham's father: Mendel Yos,
Abraham's mother: Malka Ruhlya.

Family of Moshko-Leib Goldfarb (1810) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Gershko branch)

State Archive of the city of Lublin.
In this document, in 1836, a record was made of the marriage of Moshka Goldfarb (25 years old, b. 1811) and Sura Fayortak (20 years old, b. 1816) in the town of Wieniawa,
Where is mentioned
Moshko's father: Mendel,
Moshko's mother: Rohlya.

State Archive of the city of Lublin.
In this document in 1837 a record was made of the birth of Zelda-Rohlia Goldfarb, the daughter of Moshko-Leib and Sura Goldfarb in the town of Wieniawa.

Family of Leibus Goldfarb (1825) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Gershko branch)

State Archive of the city of Lublin.
In this document, in 1852, the birth of Gersh-Yankel Goldfarb, the son of Leibus and Leia Goldfarb in the town of Wieniawa, was recorded.

State Archive of the city of Lublin.
In this document, in 1858, a record was made of the death of Greenia Goldfarb, the daughter of Leibus and Leia Goldfarb in the town of Wieniawa.

Family of Boruch Goldfarb (1794) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Gershko branch)

State Archive of the city of Lublin.
In this document, in 1842, the birth of Ester Goldfarb, the daughter of Boruch (48 years old, b.1794) and Rifka (35 years old, b. 1808) Goldfarb in the town of Wieniawa, was recorded.

Family of Meilikh Goldfarb (~ 1815) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Gershko branch)

State Archive of the city of Lublin.
In this document, in 1859, a record was made of the marriage of Srul Goldfarb (24 years old, b. 1835) and Aida Rossef (25 years old, b. 1826), in the town of Wieniawa.
Where is mentioned
Srul's father: Meilich,
Srul's mother: Tauba.

Family of Leibus Gershkovich Goldfarb (1799) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Gershko branch)

State Archive of the city of Lublin.
The census of the inhabitants of Lublin in 1839.
In this document in 1839 a record was made of the family of Leibus Gershkovich Goldfarb, who lives in the city of Lublin.
Where is mentioned
father: Gershko
mother: Sura
wife: Freud
son: Gershik
son: Abram
daughter: Sura
daughter: Bruha

Family of Volko-Gavriel Leibishovich Goldfarb (1842) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Gershko branch)

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 690.
Alphabet of the Metric books of the Zhytomyr synagogue. Divorces. 1860-1914 years. (238 p.)
In this document from 1875, the family of our relative Volko-Gabriel Goldfarb (born in 1842), who divorced Maleya (b. 1845), appears among male Jews.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 474.
The metric book of the synagogue of Zhytomyr. Marriages 1869-1875 years. (536 p.)
In this document dated June 4, 1875, the family of our relative Volko-Gabriel Goldfarb (born in 1842), who married Sosia Ziskivnaya Shoemaker (born in 1848) with his 2nd marriage, appears among male Jews.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 690.
Alphabet of the Metric books of the Zhytomyr synagogue. Divorces. 1860-1914 years. (238 p.)
In this document from 1877, the family of our relative Wolf-Gavriel Goldfarb, who divorced Sosia, appears among male Jews.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 690.
Alphabet of the Metric books of the Zhytomyr synagogue. Divorces. 1860-1914 years. (238 p.)
In this document from 1906, the family of our relative Leib Volko-Gavrielevich Goldfarb, who divorced Khavoy, appears among male Jews.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 690.
Alphabet of the Metric books of the Zhytomyr synagogue. Divorces. 1860-1914 years. (238 p.)
In this document from 1912, the family of our relative Moshko-Yos Volko-Gavrielevich Goldfarb appears among male Jews, who divorced Khaya Meerovna.

 Goldfarbs from Klimontow
Information from:
https://sztetl.org.pl/en/towns/k/337-klimontow/99-history/137473-history-of-community
https://kehilalinks.jewishgen.org/klimontow/pdf/ReportKlimontowCemetery.pdf
http://swietokrzyskisztetl.pl/asp/en_start.asp?typ=14&menu=203&sub=173

Klimontow

When Klimontów received the privilege of organising fairs in 1611, the first Jews began to settle in the town.
In 1656, troops commanded by hetman Stefan Czarniecki slaughtered the Jews of Klimontów. Moreover, the Jewish population suffered serious losses during the Second Northern War. Nevertheless, in 1662, the poll tax was paid by 129 Old Believers (Jews). Klimontów was not spared by the plague of 1663, when “only 22 Christian souls and 11 Jews left alive”.
In 1674, the poll tax was paid by 83 Old Believers . In the first half of the 17th century, Klimontów possessed its own small kehilla and belonged to the Jewish religious community in Opatów. Dominik Lochman, the archdeacon of Sandomierz, when visiting the Klimontów parish in 1727, attested to the existence of the Jewish community.
In 1721, there were as many Jews as Poles living in the town. However, no cases of drastic conflicts between Poles and Jews were recorded. Nevertheless, there were a few cases before the courts. In 1737 the Jews of Klimontów were sued before the bishop's court. The court sentenced them to pay the penalty of 310 grzywna (ancient Polish monetary unit) within nine days. Another case of judging a follower of Judaism by the bishop's court was in 1727. One of the Klimontów Jewish jewellers was accused of inciting to steal votive offerings from the church in Sulisławice. He was found guilty and executed at the market square in Koprzywnica.
The wealth of the local Jews is evidenced by monetary donations of the Jewish Community Co-operative of Klimontów for the benefit of church institutions, among others of the St. Paul's Parish Church in Sandomierz. In the middle of the 18th century, it was supposed that 1,000 Old Believers and in 1787 - 550 people of Mosaic faith lived in the parish, including 544 in the town itself.

The history of the town, settlement after year 1870, is dated back to the 13th century. It was a private town for many centuries, situated at the crossing of Sandomierz, Staszów, Opatów and Osiek routs, on the banks of Koprzywianka River. Klimontów belonged to Ossoliński, Sanguszko, Ledóchowski and Karski families, who were really popular. Townspeople made their living mainly through agriculture and trade. Fairs and markets plaid an important role. The town was spoiled twice during the Swedish invasion. There were only 24 houses occupied by 530 people (including 129 Jews) in 1663. The population of the town comprised the same number of Poles and Jews in 1721. The existence of a synagogue was registered six years later. In 1766 in Klimontów lived 336 Poles and 340 Jews and in 1789 it had the population of 1070 people including 544 Jews, i.e. 50.8%.
Several years after Napoleonic Wars passed in peace, what favoured the development of the town. In 1827 in Klimontów were 118 houses, mainly one-storey, and the population of 1314 people. There were 133 houses and 1920 residents including 1318 Jews in 1862.
The Jewish community was quite strong in the first half of the 19th century. It began the construction of a new brick synagogue in 1848 (cost of 30,000 zloty). The construction was finished in 1851. The synagogue was built of brick, on a rectangular plan with low gable roof and was situated at the square, which adhered the Main Square. There was a Hebrew note at the front: “This is nothing else but a God’s House and Gate to Heaven”. A tetrastyle portico of four Ionic columns was characteristic for the building. Near the synagogue were: rabbi’s house, mikveh, wooden hospital and two cheders. Cemetery was situated by the East side of the synagogue. The synagogue district included Klimontów and Koprzywnica – 1799 Jews in total. The members of the synagogue custodianship were as follows: Berek Goldhamer, Nachman Gorzyczański, Dawid Eisenbach and Naftula Rubin.
Tsarist authorities haven’t degraded the town to a settlement in 1869, it happened one year later on the request of the residents themselves. They came to a conclusion that taxes will be lower, when Klimontów is a settlement. Tsarist authorities approved that idea. Klimontów had the population of 2654 people, who lived in 133 houses at the end of the 19th century. In the settlement functioned: Savings and Loans Association, Community Court, community school, two Polish shops, a hospital, a tannery, a brewery and a water mill. Jews owned five taprooms, number of shops and the peddling. On the suburbs were several oil mills, inter alia that run by Łazar Cytrynbaum. Lejbuś Grejsman had a cattle slaughterhouse right outside the town. Two factories of carbonated water belonged to Jews too. From the initiative of, inter alia, doctor Jakub Zyzman Klimontów obtained a convenient connection with Opatowski rout in 1907. J. Zyzman was also the personal assistant of Polish Educational Society.
According to the census that was prepared right before the I World War Klimontów (a settlement) accounted for 5213 residents including 1356 Poles, 34 Russians and 3813 Jews (70% of total population).
From Klimontów comes Bruno Jasieński (real name Wiktor Zyzman; born on July 17, 1901), future poet and futuristic writer: “fear of persecutions, which were stronger and stronger in the 20thcentury, influenced my parents’ decision to change their children’s surname on more Polish one. One needed to give a child to adoption to do that. Of course - only officially”.According to the files of Registry Office in Klimontów the adoption by Iwan Ludwik Jasieński and his wife Aniela took place on August 12, 1908. They also adopted Jerzy and Irena Zyzmans. In 1914, when the I World War began, doctor Jakub Zyzman was forced to join tsarist army and had to move to Moscow with his family.
The centre of Klimontów was the not cobbled Main Square, which permanently sinking in the mud:“Completion to the picture are goats, cows, burrowing animals that walk around the Main Square alone, without control, in harmony with merchants, making the market’s clamor and noise louder”.
Klimontów became a large settlement during the interwar period: 400 houses and about 6000 residents (80% - Jews) in 1921. The settlement, far from main roads, had a typical agriculture features.
In the interwar period the Management comprised: Szmul Ajzentuch, Jojne Fajntuch, Dawid Ganc, Majloch Urbach, Szmul Goldwaser, Uszer Gryntysz, Alter Himerlot and Abram Izocz – one farmer, one tailor, merchants and hucksters. J. Fajntuch was chosen the chairman.
Klimontów was situated quite far from Warsaw but Ministry of Religious Affairs controlled the settlement. In 1925 it minded the Management that Funeral Fraternity is illegal, so the amount of 1800 zloty for its needs should be crossed out from the budget. The slaughter fees were accepted too – 6 zloty - ox or cow, 3 zloty - calf, 1 zloty - turkey or goose, 0.50 zloty – duck, 0.30 zloty - hen, 0.15 zloty - chicken. County Office believed that the Management haven’t fulfill its tasks correctly.
Residual 1926 data showed that the planned budget was realized only in 50%. One fourths of the incomes was spent on rabbi’s and kosher butchers’ salaries. County Office impute to the community that the Management illegally spent large amounts of money on business trips. The members of the Management have travelled to Warsaw several times to sell poultry that was slaughtered in Klimontów.
In 1927 the community had the population of 3000 people, 424 families were appointed to pay contributions and 66 were exempted due to poverty. The average contribution was 5 zloty. The preserved 1927 budget shows that the income was assumed as follows: 22,000 zloty from slaughter and 2280 zloty from contributions. However only 65% of that was collected. The outstanding contributions from previous years accounted for 16,132 zloty.
Two years later the assumed incomes were as follows: 24,300 zloty – cattle and poultry slaughter, 3879 zloty – contributions, 2500 zloty – cemetery fees, 100 zloty – permissions on tombstones constructions, 200 zloty – Seter Torah reading. In general, it was planned to collect about 55,000 zloty. Contributions varied from 5 to 40 zloty, 424 families were appointed to pay. Only 60% of planned amount was charged – 33,063 zloty.
The planned expenditures included: 4600 zloty – annual salary of Rabbi Symcha Gelerguter, 3600 zloty – salary of kosher butcher Chil Epsztajn, 3600 zloty – salary of kosher butcher Chaskiel Cytrynbaum, 1300 zloty – personal assistant Majer Bokser, 600 zloty – caretaker at the cemetery Zyzla Tryfler. Since Funeral Fraternities were abolished with burials dealt so-called funeral officials: Mordka Ejzenbach, Manela Goldwaser, Abram Czepałtowski and Urys Szyf. 1200 zloty per year was to be spend on them.
According to the lustration of the community, the synagogue was in good condition, the brick synagogue school: “sordid inside”. The bath house required a renovation, just like the cemetery wall. The Management introduced additional contribution (10,000 zloty) because the new cemetery was to be established.
In 1929 the Jewish community in Klimontów had the population of 4687 people. The Management comprised Zionists and Orthodox Jews. In the local government, next to Rabbi S. Gelerguter, were: Abram Szoor, Majloch Urbach, Tobiasz Goldwaser, Majloch Dombrowski, Chaim Tenerwurcel, Mozes Tryfel. M. Bokser was the personal assistant.

Cheder and other Jewish education in Klimontów.

Certificate of the Bejs Jakow school in Klimontów

Rywka Wajnryb machberet cover and page. 1935

The Klimontów kehilla had its own cheder, located in the ground floor of the synagogue which was attended by 128 children. A bigger, brick synagogue school with half of its roof tiled and half covered by sheet iron was situated nearby and also a smaller wooden one, maintained in good condition. It was attended by 100 children aged about 7.
In 1932 the Kehilla’s Council supported the action of educating poor youth. It gave allowances to parents of 20 poor children attending chedarim and took the school for girls ‘Bajs Jako’, with 100 pupils, under special care. It allocated 1,810 zł for that purpose.
The post of school janitor was performed by Lejbuś Nudelman (150 zł), and Berekl Frenkl was cantor of the synagogue school (150 zł).
Archival materials contain invoices for the school repair. For example in 1928 the expenses on school renovation amounted to 1,000 zł. Window frames and window panes were exchanged then, the floor was renovated and the room was painted.

Synagogue in Klimontów

Klimontow’s synagogue is a uniquely designed structure, quite atypical of the synagogues constructed in Poland at the time. From documents gathered it appears that the synagogue was designed as such in order to provide an impressive architectural response to the local Church which was renowned for its beauty. The style is referred to as Neo-Classical with the white façade and supporting columns typical of ancient Greek buildings. This was often the style adopted for official state buildings. After 3 years of construction, the synagogue was dedicated in 1851.
According to historical records, a wooden synagogue preceded this new one and was demolished in 1862. The new synagogue had an area of 450 sq. m.: 27m in length and 16m in width. It is built out of various materials, perhaps indicating that additions were made over the years. The entrance to the building is from the west, with one leading to the main floor and the other to the women’s gallery above. The entrance to the main floor is through a low arched portico, causing one to bow in a gesture of humility upon entering the sanctuary. The entrance to the women’s gallery was by way of two exterior staircases on either side of the facade.
The main floor is divided into two sections: the large sanctuary facing east and some back rooms directly behind it that probably served as study rooms or perhaps as an additional women’s gallery given the small windows that look on to the sanctuary. A large niche is built into the eastern wall, indicating the site of the Holy Ark.

During the Nazi occupation, the interior of the synagogue was destroyed and used as a warehouse to hold the pillaged property of the Jewish inhabitants. After the war, the locals used the space to store produce sold in the nearby outdoor market.
In the 1980s some renovation work was done for the purpose of converting the building into a cultural center, but work was stopped due to a lack of funds. In 2007 a group of young Poles, organized under the name “Kadisz for Our Neighbors,” held cultural events in the demolished sanctuary so as to raise money for rehabilitating the cemetery. The group disbanded a few years later and the synagogue was again abandoned.

The Jewish Cemetery.

A photo appearing in many archives showing the remnants of the cemetery sometime after the war. The back of the synagogue can be seen in the background, giving some indication of the cemetery’s size and location relative to the synagogue.
Klimontow’s Jewish cemetery was located directly behind the synagogue, an unusual arrangement for Jewish communities of the time. Most of the gravestones were removed by the Germans and probably used as building and paving material. After the war many graves were vandalized by the locals as they rummaged for the gold and silver that was assumed to be buried with their Jewish neighbors. In 1967, under Communist rule, the municipality appropriated the area, stripped it of its remaining gravestones and built a public school on a portion of the grounds. The fate of the removed gravestones is unknown, though some are known to be held by various locals.

An aerial view of the school facilities standing on the cemetery.

Ghetto in Klimontow.

When the Germans entered the town on September 13, 1939, they imposed an immediate curfew and prohibited its residents from venturing outside the town limits. All men between the ages of 16 and 60 were ordered to gather in the market square and warned that if anyone should accost a German soldier, the entire town would pay with their lives.
Eventually, a formal ghetto was set up in the town, housing over 4,000 inhabitants, including 900 refugees from surrounding villages and cities as far away as Lodz and Vienna. After 3 years of brutal oppression, including executions, forced labor, and pillaging of property, the remnants of the town’s Jews were assembled in the market square on Erev Shabbat, October 30, 1942, and marched to the train station outside Sandomierz from where they were sent to the extermination camp in Treblinka.On October 29, 1942 the ghetto in Klimontów, located between Osiecka and Bożniczna Streets, was dissolved. Before the Nazis announced that all Jews should gather in the town’s market square. Soldiers and military police were called to supervise the “evacuation”:

Jews [...] walked towards the market square. Jewish women with children at their breasts and elderly people who could hardly walk hurried there nobody knows what for, for death. Already in the gathering place the first victims were killed. The Germans and the Latvians, hurrying the stragglers, shot doddered old people and the sick. In the market square the ”angel of death”, Löscher, killed among others a mother and her 2-years old daughter from the Karmesers; Szyja Weisbrot was shot as he clung to his wife’s dead body and said he was not going to leave her. Soon columns were formed and at its heads groups of the oldest and children were placed. Each group was surrounded by escorts carrying loaded rifles. According to a Polish cart driver, Leon Skórski, an inhabitant of Klimontów who was 18 years old then, and was forced, like many others, to supply carts, there were eight columns and each of them consisted of hundreds of people (Skórski said that 800 people). As soon as the columns moved forward, new gunshots could be heard. The road from Klimontów to Sandomierz was covered with corpses’. Among the people there was doctor Kapłan, a well known doctor from Klimontów, very respected in town and praised, as doctor Zysman in the past. According to a chronicle entry by Father Zadęcki ‘he was an example not only of a honest and noble man but also an example and reproach for Catholics how to understand love of fellow creatures’. Several residents of Klimontów offered him secretly help, but he refused, saying ‘I cannot abandon them now’[1.1].

Oral history interview with Sonya Schek.

Maps of Klimontow

Klimontow. Map 1780.

Klimontow. Map 1915-1930.

Old photos of Klimontow

Front of Bank Spółdzielczy building in Klimontów, and the seat of the Klimontów Town and Commune Office, str. Zysmana 1, a house inhabited by the Zysman family before the war, the building is located 20 m from the Collegiate Church of St. Paul.

Jakub Zysman (1861-1926) – a doctor and social worker, called “doctor Judym from Klimontów” (a reference to the character from the novel “Homeless People” by Stefan Żeromski), was born in Zakroczym as the son of Hersz Ber Zysman and Łaja nee Przysucher. In the 1870s, his family moved to Płock. Jakub had nine siblings: brothers Chaim (born in 1862), Majer (born in 1865), Szmul (born in 1866), Lewin (born in 1873) and Abram (born in 1877) and sisters Idel (born in 1868), Etta (born in 1873), Maria (born in 1875) and Rozalia (born in 1877). He lost his mother early and his father remarried to Chawa Przysucher. The Zysman family lived at Królewiecka Street in the property of Władysław and Zofia Lubowidzki. Ambitious and talented Jakub attended the governorate gymnasium in Płock. In 1887 he graduated from the Faculty of Medicine at the Imperial University of Warsaw. Two years later he changed his religion to Evangelical-Augsburg. He practiced in Wisznice, then in Warsaw, from 1891 in Klimontów. In 1894 he married Eufemia Maria née Modzelewski, with whom he had three children: Jerzy, Irena and Wiktor (also known as Bruno Jasieński). By the people of Klimontów, Jakub Zysman was not only remembered as a generous doctor (he treated poor residents of the town and the surrounding area for free), but also a great social activist: initiator of the creation of the Klimontów Loan and Savings Society, activist of the Orphan Shelter Society and co-organizer of the Polish Educational Society. Thanks to Jakub Zysman, a fire station was built in Klimontów, paving of streets and squares began, a telegraph connection between Klimontów and Opatów was carried out. During World War I, Jakub Zysman and his family stayed in Moscow, where he served as a military doctor. After the war, he returned to Klimontów, where he lived and worked until his death in 1926. A great citizen of Klimontów, the religion of whom was to take care of every person who needed help, was accompanied in his final journey by nearly 10,000 people.

Market Square.

People's house, fire station.

View of the Klimontow from a nearby hill

Streets of Klimontow

Martin Seltzer’s friend,
Klimontow 1934.

Martin Seltzer skating with his cousin and a friend,
Klimontow 1935

Synagogue str. Bazarnaya view from the west. After the war, the locals used the Sunagogue to store produce sold in the nearby outdoor market.

Water seller.

Fajntuch house.

Yosel Branch (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham)

Family of Gershko Yoselevich Goldfarb (1778 - 1848) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yosel branch)

State Archive of the city of Kielce (Sandomierz Branch).
Fond 171.
In this document, in 1848, a record was made of the death of Gershka Yoselevich Goldfarb, age 70 years old (born 1778), in the town of Klimontow, where his father Yosel and mother Zyslia Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Kielce (Sandomierz Branch).
Fond 171.
In this document, in 1848, a record was made of the death of Mosi Iokowna Goldfarb, age 80 years old (born 1768), in the town of Klimontow, where her husband Gershka Goldfarb is mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Kielce (Sandomierz Branch).
Fond 171.
In this document, in 1836, a record was made of the death of Israel-Yakob Goldfarb, age 1 years old (born 1835), in the town of Klimontow, where his father Gersh and mother Mosi Goldfarb are mentioned.

Family of Srul-Yosel Goldfarb (1821) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yosel branch)

State Archive of the city of Kielce (Sandomierz Branch).
Fond 171.
In this document, in 1855, a record was made of the death of Golda Goldfarb, age 30 years old (born 1725), in the town of Klimontow, where her husband Srul-Yosel Goldfarb is mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Kielce (Sandomierz Branch).
Fond 171.
In this document, in 1846, a record was made of the birth of El Goldfarb, in the town of Klimontow, son of the Srul-Yosel (30 years old, b.1816) and Golda Goldfarb (30 years old, b.1816).

State Archive of the city of Kielce (Sandomierz Branch).
Fond 171.
In this document, in 1844, a record was made of the birth of Sura-Sheindla Goldfarb, in the town of Klimontow, daughter of the Srul-Yosel (26 years old, b.1818) and Golda-Rukhlia Goldfarb (25 years old, b.1819).

State Archive of the city of Kielce (Sandomierz Branch).
Fond 171.
In this document, in 1864, a record was made of the birth of Leibus Goldfarb, in the town of Klimontow, son of the Yosel (43 years old, b.1821) and Rokhlia Goldfarb (33 years old, b.1831).

State Archive of the city of Kielce (Sandomierz Branch).
Fond 171.
In this document, in 1870, a record was made of the death of Leibus Goldfarb, age 7 years old (born 1863), in the town of Klimontow, where his father Srol-Yosel and mother Rokhma Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Kielce (Sandomierz Branch).
Fond 171.
In this document, in 1853, a record was made of the birth of Gershka Goldfarb, in the town of Klimontow, son of the Srol (35 years old, b.1818) and Golda Goldfarb (35 years old, b.1818).

State Archive of the city of Kielce (Sandomierz Branch).
Fond 171.
In this document, in 1869, a record was made of the birth of itsek Goldfarb, in the town of Klimontow, son of the Srul-Yosel (45 years old, b.1824) and Rukhlia Goldfarb (36 years old, b.1833).

State Archive of the city of Kielce (Sandomierz Branch).
Fond 171.
In this document, in 1871, a record was made of the death of Itsek Goldfarb, age 1.5 years old (born 1869), in the town of Klimontow, where his father Yosel and mother Rukhma Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Kielce (Sandomierz Branch).
Fond 171.
In this document, in 1866, a record was made of the birth of Leizer Goldfarb, in the town of Klimontow, son of the Yosel (45 years old, b.1821) and Rokhma Goldfarb (40 years old, b.1826).

State Archive of the city of Kielce (Sandomierz Branch).
Fond 171.
In this document, in 1859, a record was made of the birth of Getsel Goldfarb, in the town of Klimontow, son of the Yosel (38 years old, b.1821) and Rukhlia Goldfarb (28 years old, b.1831).

State Archive of the city of Kielce (Sandomierz Branch).
Fond 171.
In this document, in 1857, a record was made of the birth of Mosia Goldfarb, in the town of Klimontow, daughter of the Yosel (36 years old, b.1821) and Rukhlia Goldfarb (30years old, b.1827).

Family of Leizer Srul-Yoselevich Goldfarb (1866 - 1887) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yosel branch)

State Archive of the city of Kielce (Sandomierz Branch).
Fond 171.
In this document, in 1887, a record was made of the death of Leizer Goldfarb, age 20 years old (born 1867), in the town of Klimontow, where his father Yosel and mother Rukhma Goldfarb, and his wife Rukhlia-Leia, are mentioned.

Family of Getsel Srul-Yoselevich Goldfarb (1859) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yosel branch)

State Archive of the city of Kielce (Sandomierz Branch).
Fond 171.
In this document, in 1882, a record was made of the birth of Sura-ita Goldfarb, in the town of Klimontow, daughter of the Getsel (24 years old, b.1858) and Dvoira Goldfarb (18 years old, b.1864).

State Archive of the city of Kielce (Sandomierz Branch).
Fond 171.
In this document, in 1886, a record was made of the birth of Shimon Goldfarb, in the town of Klimontow, son of Getsel (26 years old, b.1860) and Dvoira Goldfarb (20 years old, b.1866).

Family of Gersh Srul-Yoselevich Goldfarb (1853) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yosel branch)

State Archive of the city of Kielce (Sandomierz Branch).
Fond 171.
In this document, in 1883, a record was made of the birth of El-Mordko Goldfarb, in the town of Klimontow, son of the Gersh (32 years old, b.1851) and Ester-Rifka Goldfarb (29 years old, b.1854).

State Archive of the city of Kielce (Sandomierz Branch).
Fond 171.
In this document, in 1883, a record was made of the birth of Shimsa Goldfarb, in the town of Klimontow, son of the Gersh (32 years old, b.1851) and Ester-Rifka Goldfarb (29 years old, b.1854).

State Archive of the city of Kielce (Sandomierz Branch).
Fond 171.
In this document, in 1883, a record was made of the birth of Khaia-Sura Goldfarb, in the town of Klimontow, daughter of the Gersh (32 years old, b.1851) and Ester-Rifka Goldfarb (29 years old, b.1854).

Family of Mosia Srul-Yoselevich Goldfarb (1857) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yosel branch)

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Sandomierz Branch, Fund 171.
In this document, in 1876, a record was made about the marriage of Shmul-Leib Liderman, age 25 years (born 1856), with Mosia Goldfarb, age 25 years (born 1856), in the city of Klimontow, where her father Yosel and mother Rukhlia Goldfarb are mentioned.

Family of Yankel-El Srul-Yoselevich Goldfarb (1846) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yosel branch)

State Archive of the city of Kielce .
Sandomierz Branch. Fond 171.
In this document, in 1869, a record was made of the birth of Mordko-Mendel Goldfarb, in the town of Klimontow, son of the Yankel-El (22 years old, b.1847) and Idesa-Nekha Goldfarb (20 years old, b.1849).

Family of Simkha Goldfarb (1850) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yosel branch)

State Archive of the city of Kielce .
Sandomierz Branch. Fond 171.
In this document, in 1879, a record was made of the birth of Gershel Goldfarb, in the town of Klimontow, son of the Simkha (29 years old, b.1850) and Genia Goldfarb (? years old, b. ?).

Family of Zuskin Gershovich Goldfarb (1811 - 1852) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yosel branch)

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Sandomierz Branch, Fund 171.
In this document, in 1835, a record was made about the marriage of Zusman Goldfarb, age 24 years (born 1811), with Leia Faktor, age 18 years (born 1817), in the city of Klimontow, where his father Gersh and mother Masi Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Kielce (Sandomierz Branch).
Fond 171.
In this document, in 1852, a record was made of the death of Zuskin Goldfarb, age 40 years old (born 1812), in the town of Klimontow, where his wife Sheidla Goldfarb and son Gershko are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Kielce (Sandomierz Branch).
Fond 171.
In this document, in 1838, a record was made of the birth of Geila Goldfarb, in the town of Klimontow, daughter of the Zusman (? years old, b. ?) and Leia Goldfarb (22 years old, b.1816).

State Archive of the city of Kielce (Sandomierz Branch).
Fond 171.
In this document, in 1838, a record was made of the death of Geila Goldfarb, age 1/2 years old (born 1838), in the town of Klimontow, where his father Zusman and mother Leia Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Kielce (Sandomierz Branch).
Fond 171.
In this document, in 1841, a record was made of the birth of Beila Goldfarb, in the town of Klimontow, daughter of the Zuskin (25 years old, b. 1816) and Leia Goldfarb (24 years old, b.1817).

State Archive of the city of Kielce (Sandomierz Branch).
Fond 171.
In this document, in 1842, a record was made of the death of Beila Goldfarb, age 1 years old (born 1841), in the town of Klimontow, where her father Zusman and mother Leia Goldfarb are mentioned.

State Archive of the city of Kielce (Sandomierz Branch).
Fond 171.
In this document, in 1843, a record was made of the birth of Alter Goldfarb, in the town of Klimontow, son of the Zuskin (30 years old, b. 1813) and Leia Goldfarb (26 years old, b.1817).

State Archive of the city of Kielce .
Sandomierz Branch. Fond 171.
In this document, in 1845, a record was made of the birth of Meer-Shulim Goldfarb, in the town of Klimontow, son of the Zuskin (33 years old, b.1812) and Shendla Goldfarb (20 years old, b. 1825).

State Archive of the city of Kielce .
Sandomierz Branch. Fond 171.
In this document, in 1848, a record was made of the birth of Seiva Goldfarb, in the town of Klimontow, daughter of the Zuskin (36 years old, b.1812) and Shendla Goldfarb (22 years old, b. 1826).

State Archive of the city of Kielce (Sandomierz Branch).
Fond 171.
In this document, in 1853, a record was made of the death of Shmul-Shulim Goldfarb, age 2 years old (born 1851), in the town of Klimontow, where his father Zusman and mother Sheidla Goldfarb are mentioned.

Family of Hidlia-Medlia Gershkovna Goldfarb (1813) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yosel branch)

State Archive of the city of Kielce.
Sandomierz Branch, Fund 171.
In this document, in 1838, a record was made about the marriage of Mendel Gotlib, age 29 years (born 1809), with Hinda-Sheida Goldfarb, age 20 years (born 1818), in the city of Klimontow, where her father Gersh and mother Mosi Goldfarb are mentioned.

Family of Aron-Zelik Itskovich Goldfarb (1813 - 1872) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yosel branch)

State Archive of the city of Kielce (Sandomierz Branch).
Fond 171.
In this document, in 1872, a record was made of the death of Aron-Zelik Itskovich Goldfarb, age 59 years old (born 1813), in the town of Klimontow, where his father Itsko and mother Maria Goldfarb and his wife Etna are mentioned.

Itsko Branch (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham)

Family of Itsko Goldfarb (~ 1750) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Itsko branch)

State Archive of the city of Lublin.
A document in 1827 recorded the death of Abram-Gersh Goldfarb, the son of Shmul Itskovich and Rukhli Goldfarb in the city of Mezhirichi Podolsky.
A document in 1834 recorded the birth of Moshko-Borukh Goldfarb, son of Yankel and Ides Goldfarb in the town of Mezhirichi Podolsky.
A document in 1838 recorded the birth of Esther Goldfarb, the daughter of Wigdor and Khava Goldfarb in the town of Mezhirichi Podolsky.
A document in 1843 recorded the death of Yosel-Yankel Goldfarb, the son of Moshka and Golda Goldfarb in the town of Mezhirichi Podolsky.
A document in 1844 recorded the birth of Moshko-Johannen Goldfarb, the son of Wigdor and Tsiva-Khava Goldfarb in the town of Mezhirichi Podolsky.
A document in 1846 recorded the birth of Shlomo-Leib Goldfarb, the son of Wigdor and Tsiva-Khava Goldfarb in the town of Mezhirichi Podolsky.
A document in 1849 recorded the birth of Chaim Itsko Goldfarb, the son of Wigdor and Tsiva-Khava Goldfarb in the town of Mezhirichi Podolsky.

Goldfarbs from Warsaw

The Jewish Community of Warsaw
https://dbs.anumuseum.org.il/skn/en/c6/e185991/Place/Warsaw

HISTORY

The first documented evidence of a Jewish presence in Warsaw dates to 1414, though it is highly likely that they had been there long before. They were expelled, however, in 1455, 1483, and 1498, and in 1527 King Sigismund granted Warsaw a royal privilege that permitted the city to bar Jewish residence. Jews were permitted to return to Warsaw temporarily, and to stay in the city while the Sejm (Parliament) was in session. Jewish representatives (shtadlanim) of the Councils of the Four Lands, who were empowered to negotiate with royalty and the nobility, were also allowed to visit Warsaw, while a number of other Jews without official positions were also able to obtain authorization to enter the city temporarily even when the Sejm was not meeting.

Clearly the residence restrictions were largely ineffective, though it did serve to keep Warsaw's Jewish population relatively low. In 1792 there were 6,750 Jews living in Warsaw (9.7% of the total population).

In spite of the relatively small number of Jews living in Warsaw, the city's Christian residents were not happy about their presence; organized anti-Jewish riots took place in 1775 and 1790. At one point, on May 16, 1790 a major riot broke out when the Jews were accused of killing an anti-Semitic tailor named Fux; though the tailor was found shortly after his disappearance and the Jewish community paraded him through the streets to demonstrate that he was unharmed, it did not quell the violence and destruction. Generally speaking, anti-Semitism was rife during this period and Jews who lived in Warsaw, whether legally or illegally, were subject to anti-Jewish violence and restrictions.

PARTITIONS OF POLAND

After the First Partition of Poland in 1772 the Jews of Warsaw, particularly those from the lower socioeconomic classes, fought in the Polish struggle against the Russians and many joined the Jewish legion led by Berek Joselewicz. In retaliation, Russian troops massacred the Jewish civilian population. It was only after the Third Partition of Poland in 1795 and the establishment of Prussian rule that the Jews of Warsaw experienced significant improvements to their quality of life. Though the Jews were still subject to a number of economic and residence restrictions, the Prussians recognized the authority of the Jewish community and granted it legal status in 1796. Beginning in 1802, residence restrictions against the Jews were repealed, and they could live in Warsaw freely and legally. This was met with resistance by the city's Christians; in response, Prussian authorities sought to implement an edict that would restrict where Jews could live in Warsaw for two years. However, Napoleon's defeat of Prussia shortly after this edict was proposed, and his establishment of the Duchy of Warsaw, rendered any proposed changes to the Jews' legal status moot.

DUCHY OF WARSAW (1807-1813)

A legal issue arose after the formation of the Duchy of Warsaw. While the duchy's constitution, which was based on the ideals of the French Revolution, should have granted the Jews equal citizenship rights, such a result would have been unacceptable to the Poles. As a result, in 1808 the "infamous decree" was issued, which postponed granting the Jews civil rights for ten years. In the meantime, the Jews of Warsaw were subject to paying heavy taxes. A Jewish Quarter was established, with restrictions on which Jews were permitted to reside there. Conditions for residence included wearing European-style clothing, the ability to read and write Polish, German, or French, and sending any children to general schools. Jews who were permitted to live in the Jewish Quarter also had to be of a certain economic class, and to be employed in one of a list of specific occupations. As a result of these restrictions the Jewish population of Warsaw declined, and in 1813 there were 8,000 Jews living in the city, mostly in the north, down from 14,600 in 1810.

In spite of these restrictions, the Warsaw kehilla (governing body of the official Jewish community) was able to expand its authority. From the time of Prussian rule until the establishment of the duchy the kehilla appointed a parnas to direct the administration f taxes, established prayer houses, and organized charitable association. During the period when it operated within the Duchy, the kehilla extended its power, becoming not just a local institution but a powerful and far-reaching organization.

It was during this period that a number of Jewish families were able to make significant economic advances and became major players in the world of banking. Prominent baking families included the Frankls, Epsteins, Laskis, and Kronenbergs.

KINGDOM OF POLAND (CONGRESS POLAND, 1815-1915)

Beginning in 1815 Warsaw became the capital of the Kingdom of Poland (informally known as the Congress of Poland), which was led by the Russian czar. Warsaw became a major political and cultural center, and both the Jewish and general population ballooned; the Jewish population rose from 15,600 in 1816 (12.2% of the total population) to 72,800 in 1864 (32.7%). In fact, during the period of the Kingdom of Poland the Jewish community of Warsaw became the largest Jewish community in Europe.

In addition to growing larger, during this period the Jewish community also became increasingly diverse. Chasidism spread to Warsaw during the second half of the 18th century, though many Jews remained opposed to the movement. Though the Misnagdim (those opposed to Chasidism) were in control of the kehilla at the beginning of the 19th century, the balance of power shifted to the Chasidim in 1847, and by 1880 the vast majority of Warsaw's 300 synagogues were Chasidic. The Chasidim, however, were balanced by the influx of Litvak Jews (Jews from greater historical Lithuania), many of whom were Misnagdim, who arrived in Warsaw from the Pale of Settlement after 1868.

Additionally, maskilim (proponents of the Haskalah, Jewish Enlightenment) were a small but visible presence within Warsaw's Jewish community. Many of these maskilim attended services in the synagogue on Danilowiczowska Street (which was given the—not quite affectionate—nickname of "Di Daytshe Shul," "The German Synagogue"), which was established in 1802 by Isaac Flatau, a Jewish immigrant from Berlin. The synagogue distinguished itself in that the rabbi delivered his sermons in German (and, beginning in the 1850s, in Polish). The maskilim also established the Warsaw Rabbinic Seminary in 1826, which was led by the maskil Anton Eisenbaum and which sought to ordain maskilic rabbis who would spread the ideals and values of the Haskalah throughout the country. The seminary was affiliated with another progressive synagogue located on Nalewski Street (founded in 1852), was affiliated with the school. The Great Synagogue joined the group of maskilic synagogues when it was consecrated in 1878.

In addition to the Chasidim, Misnagdim, Polish Jews, Litvaks, and maskilim, other Jews, particularly those from the highest socioeconomic classes, were in favor of assimilation, and some even converted. Ultimately, however, the vast majority of Jews living in Warsaw, were religiously observant and spoke Yiddish; at the turn of the 20th century 87.3% of Warsaw's Jews spoke Yiddish.

Warsaw's Jewish schools attested both to the community's traditionalism, as well as its diversity. In the middle of the 19th century 90% of school-age Jewish children of school age attended a traditional cheder. Individuals associated with the Chovevei Zion movement established Warsaw's first cheder metukkan in 1885. There were three state schools for Jewish children that were running 1820, but this educational format ran into Orthodox opposition, which curbed its further development.

A number of religious, cultural, and social organizations were established in Warsaw during this period, also reflecting the diversity of the city's Jewish population. Zionism began to become popular, and many of the organizations that were active in Warsaw became instrumental in establishing what would later become major cities in the State of Israel. A number of socialist and workers' organizations were also active, and many merged at the end of the 19th century to become the Bund movement.

Jews continued to play an important role in the financial, commercial, and industrial sectors of the city. Seventeen of the 20 bankers in Warsaw in 1847 were Jews. Jewish bankers helped develop various industries, and worked on important national projects such as the construction of railroads; they also held the monopoly on the sale of salt and alcohol. Jews were also major players in the textile, clothing, and tobacco industries, and made up the majority of Warsaw's artisans.

Culturally, Warsaw became a publishing hub, and following are only a few examples of the numerous daily and weekly newspapers published in various languages and representing the wide variety of religious and ideological viewpoints. The first Yiddish-Polish weekly was Der Beobakhter an der Weykhsel, which was published from 1823 to 1824 by Anton Eisenbaum. The weekly Izraelita, an assimilationist paper, was published from 1866 until 1915. Another population niche was served by the cantor Jona Simces, who edited the Yiddish newspaper The World of Hazanim, in addition to working as a Hebrew teacher, school principal, and the vice chairman of the Association of Cantors and Conductors. Another notable literary development was the establishment of a circle of Yiddish writers in the 1890s, led by the writer Y.L Peretz.

Maps of Warsaw

Map of Warsaw 1772

Map of Warsaw 1850

Map of Warsaw 1924

To revive the photographs of Warsaw, we decided to place these photos on the map of Warsaw 1850.

Old photos and paintings of Warsaw
Information from: http://warsze.polin.pl/en/przeszlosc

Jerzy Druk Hafner, Buying at Shabbat, graphics, 1830.

WASKI DUNAJ/PIEKARSKA
The first traces of Jewish presence in Warsaw can be found at the beginning of the 15th century or even earlier. The first documented references about the Jews comes from 1414 (Czersk Books) and mentions money obtained by Lazar Judeo de Varschovia. The next pieces of information come from town books. The oldest information originates from municipal books (1421) that mentions only ten Jews, so we can assume that the Jewish community was very small.

The existence of Jewish inhabitants in the city, in 1414, can be confirmed by the oldest aldermen’s books from that time. They lived within the Old City, at Żydowska Street, between Wąski Dunaj and Piekarska Street. they had their own synagogue, mikveh and cemetery situated outside the city walls, near present-day Bednarska Street.

"The Żelazna Brama square", 1779, Bernardo Bellotto

ŻELAZNA BRAMA SQUARE
From the beginning, life in the neighbourhood revolved around trade. In 1650, when Jan Grzybowski set up the jurydyka (a settlement within the city's limits not subject to its laws but governed by their own rules), called Grzybów, a marketplace was established in the square in front of the city hall, where people traded with wheat and beer. In 1693, the Wielopolski family created Wielopole jurydyka in the same vicinity,which also became very popular with merchants. The market got its name, Żelazna Brama Sqaure, because it was next to the Saski Garden whose entrance was marked by a beautifully ornamented iron gate.
On the painting The Żelazna Brama Square, 1779, by Bernardo Bellotto Canaletto the residents of former Wielopole are portrayed: two Jews are talking, women are hanging the washing, and a goat is playing with a dog. On the left you can see the baroque palace of the Lubomirski family which was bought in 1834 by Abraham Simon Cohen, he turned it into small flats and retail space to rent out. In 1872 a well-known Warsaw cantor, Jakub Leopold Weiss, set up a synagogue in the palace and on the first-floor terrace beautiful wedding ceremonies were held. In the square, in front of the palace, a bazaar and rows of vendor stalls began to expand gradually.
"This square, of quite irregular shape, is limited by the following streets: Zimna, Przechodnia, Ptasia, Żabia, Graniczna, Gnojna and Skórzana. Its limits are built up with large tenement houses. The square is the place of the largest market in the city. It is an oracle which decides on the prices of commodities in all seasons."
Eryk Jachowicz, Ilustrowany przewodnik po Warszawie, 1893.

Jan Feliks Piwarski, The Easter Lambs! Ham! That Is the Holy Saturday Fair Behind Żelazna Brama (in Warsaw), graphics

Aleksander Gierymski, At the Market Square, drawing, 1885.

"The commotion is immense and the buzz even greater, and it is arduous to squeeze through the square behind the Żelazna Brama, especially in the morning […]. Everything is hectic, buzzing, and shouting, thousands of voices are mixing into a noise hard to describe. There is an old Jewish woman grimy, with her sleeves up, who takes fish from the vat, chops them on the board, weights them, shouts, talks to ten people at a time and fills her small leather pouch under her apron with small coins. In front of the shoemaker's stall there is a wench who tries on new shoes without any joy, after that she sees herself in the mirror priced at 5 kopecks or attaches a bouquet of bright-coloured flowers to her corset."
Eryk Jachowicz, Ilustrowany przewodnik po Warszawie, 1893.

"Bridgettine Church and Arsenal in Warsaw.", 1780, Bernardo Bellotto

NALEWKI IN THE 16TH & 17TH CENTURIES
The name of Nalewki Street, the main street of the district, comes from water tanks known as nalewki (English: pourers) built on the banks of a small river which in the 16th century flowed through what was later the intersection of Nalewki and Franciszkańska streets.
The oldest building on Nalewki Street, built in the 17th century at the junction with Długa Street, was a church and convent of the Bridgettine Sisters. A Jewish-owned inn was probably located across from the convent. The street was already paved in the 18th century. Admittedly, there was only one apartment building on the street, but there were 41 workshops, 2 breweries and 21 wooden houses.
When talking about the “Jewish quarter” in Warsaw, it is easy to forget that no such quarter in a conventional sense – a separate district designated for Jewish settlement, like Kazimierz in Kraków – was ever established in the city. To the contrary: the Tsar's decree of 1808 prohibited “Judeans”, as they were known, from living in certain areas considered to be most representative of Warsaw, which led them to settle around, the as yet undeveloped, Okopowa, Nowolipie, Bonifraterska, Franciszkańska and Gęsia streets. This area became known as the Northern District. Its population rapidly rose in the late 19th century with an inflow of “Litvaks”: Jews from the territory of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania, mostly orthodox and Hasidim. As the development of the district was limited due to its proximity to the Citadel (whose surrounding area had to remain free of buildings), people started to use the available space more economically, building upwards. Many multi-storey tenement houses emerged as a result. In the interwar period, the Northern District, already known alternatively as Muranów, was inhabited by about 300,000 Jews.

In the lower left corner of Canaletto's painting there is a small building with doors ajar and a bench near the entrance. This is probably the Jewish inn next to the Bridgettine church and convent. The right facade of the building is not plastered. According to a tradition mentioned in the writings of Jakub Kalmanson, a Jewish physician of King Stanisław August Poniatowski:
“A Jew, when erecting a house or any other building, is obligated by law to leave a part of it imperfect and unfit to serve any function; this is to commemorate the destruction of Jerusalem […]”.
Uwagi nad niniejszym stanem Żydów polskich.

Two men and a woman in typical Jewish attire can be seen among the people in the square in front of the building.

"Miodowa Street", 1777, Bernardo Bellotto
showing Miodowa street at the corner with Senatorska street.

SENATORSKA STREET
From the mid-19th century Senatorska Street and its surroundings were inhabited and frequented by assimilated, educated Jews: wealthy entrepreneurs and cultural figures, who made great contributions to the financial, social and artistic development of the capital.
Senatorska Street followed an old route leading from the Royal Castle to the village of Wola. Extremely busy during election sejms, it was a good place to trade. Banks, hotels and elegant shops started to emerge there in the 18th century.
Jews were encouraged to settle in the vicinity of what is currently Teatralny Square in the second half of the 18th century by Tomasz Adam Uruski, owner of the independent settlement of Pociejów. They traded on the square in front of the Pociej Palace and leased space in the palace itself. In the 19th century, as the area around Teatralny Square was being developed, the marketplace was moved to the back of Królewska and Marszałkowska streets.

"Długa Street in Warsaw", 1777, Bernardo Bellotto

TLOMACKIE
The Tlomackie independent settlement, named after the town of Tlumacz in Ukraine, was established by Eustachu Potocki in 1749. It was one of the places where Jews started to settle.

Veiw of Pociejowo in Warsaw, drawn from life by Pillati, 1865

BAGNO STREET
On Bagno Street there was a second-hand marketplace called Pociejow and ironmongers. There you could buy hobnails and nails, saws, pipes, rails, or even wrought iron railings.

Napoleon Orda Warszawa by the Vistula river, litography by Maxymilijan Fajans, Gebethner and Wolf, 1873-1883

FOR CENTURIES, THE VISTULA "WHISPERED JEWISH WORDS"
It served as a trade route for Jewish merchants, intermediaries trading in grain, timber and potash (a product obtained by burning charcoal and used, for example, in the production of fertilizers). Jews were not the raftsmen themselves, but instead hired workers.
Another product transported on the river was salt. In 1812 the Warsaw merchant Ber Sonnenberg and his business partner Lazar Cukier established the Evaporated Salt Trading Company (Polish: Kompania Handlowa Soli Warzonej) after obtaining a lease on the salt mine in Wieliczka. Warsaw was also full of Jewish carters and intermediaries involved in the fruit, leather, honey and wax trades.
“From the left side, where the sky and the waters meet, something floats on the water, but it is not a ship. At first it appears small, enveloped in a haze. Soon it grows larger and more distinct. It is a group of rafts made of logs. Men lean against long poles and push them with all the weight of their bodies. On one of the rafts there is a little hut-a small house in the midst of the water! […] It takes a long, long time for the rafts to come close to us. The men yell something to us. I notice someone who looks like a Jew. He has a beard. I think I can even make out a Jewish cap. From my reading of the parables of the Preacher of Dubnow, I know that Jewish merchants make voyages to Danzig and to Leipzig. I have even heard that timber is shipped by water. But now I see it with my own eyes - a tale of the Dubnow Preacher brought to life! For a while the rafts are near us. A dog stands at the edge of one of the rafts and barks directly at us. […] After a while, the rafts move on”
Isaac Bashevis Singer, My Father's Court
In the 19th century, Warsaw became the centre of trade on the Vistula. Imported goods were shipped from downriver, while goods from upriver were floated past the city to the Baltic Sea. The Warsaw port also accepted goods floated down the Bug River and the Narew River. Although the transactions were handled by professional merchants, the modes of transportation remained traditional for a long time, with rowboats being the most popular, followed by sailboats and boats towed from the shore by horses or sometimes people.

Nalewki Street, Warsaw

NALEWKI FULL OF LIFE
In 1881 the first horse-drawn tram carried passengers from Muranowski Square to the Castle Square by way of Nalewki, Długa and Podwale streets. An electric traction system was installed in 1909. From then on, tram lines to Powązki and Żoliborz ran through Nalewki Street. Bus service was introduced in 1928.
“The streets were lined with four- and five-storey buildings with wide entrances, plastered with signs in Russian, Polish and Yiddish. […] Crowds went in and out of buildings.”
Isaac Bashevis Singer, The Family Moskat.
Nalewki Street was adjacent to the Krasiński Garden, the favourite green space of the residents in the area. Jews were allowed to walk there while dressed in traditional attire, which was prohibited in the nearby Saxon Garden. The park had a playground, a café, ornamental flower beds and a pond with a small island. On Saturdays in summer, married women in wigs and older men in long robes could be seen strolling along the paths.

Szmul Zbytkower with his wife – drawing according to the B. Canaletto's painting.

SZMULOWIZNA
When in 1764 King Stanisław August Poniatowski acquired the Targówek and Golędzinów settlements that neighboured Praga, he willingly settled Jews there. Berek Joselewicz (1764-1809), a horse trader, who became famous for organising the Jewish Light-Cavalry Regiment during the Kościuszko Uprising, came from Golędzinów.
One of King Stanisław August Poniatowski's proteges was Szmul Jakubowicz, also called Zbytkower. In 1766, he was appointed an advisor of the court and fulfilled the function of a royal banker. He possessed large estates on the right side of the Vistula which he received together with the official surname Sonnenberg from King Frederick II of Prussia (Frederick the Great). He traded in horses, oxen, and even pigs and animal skins. He opened a tannery, slaughterhouse, sawmill, brickyard, brewery and distillery on his folwark [a serfdom based large-scale farm and agricultural enterprise]. He shipped the goods that he traded in down the Vistula. With the passage of time, the grounds around his folwark were called Szmulowizna (currently Szmulki). In 1780, with the consent of the king and a bishop, he established the Jewish cemetery in nearby Bródno.

However, he had a bad reputation among co-religionists. He did not tolerate competition in business as well. He was also accused of being a supplier of the Russian military forces. However, in the opinion of many people he redeemed himself during the slaughter of Praga, in 1794, when he hid the burghers of Praga and bought back captives from the Russians.

THE TOWN OF PRAGA
In the 17th century, Praga resembled a typical provincial small town. Horse and ox fairs, which had taken place there since 1648, exerted significant influence on its appearance. Initially, Jews came to the fairs as representatives of the nobility. They started to trade independently only in the second half of the 18th century.
"Wooden houses inhabited by the Jews, a few monasteries, some monks who trade in smuggled goods with other inhabitants and are infamous among them".
Fryderyk Schultz, Journeys of a Livonian from Riga to Warsaw and around Poland over the Period 1791–1793

In 1768, Jews obtained the right to stay in the Mazowsze Region and the resolution of the Sejm of 1775 allowed them to settle on the right side of the Vistula. They received permission to trade and were granted a monopoly on the sale of alcohol. After a successful transaction, litkup customarily took place, i.e. refreshments at the purchaser's cost, usually in an inn so that the people present could certify the conclusion of an agreement.

The Jewish Hall of Residence in Warsaw on the photograph from the interwar period.

THE JEWISH RESIDENCE HALL
After the First World War, many Jewish students studied at universities in Warsaw. Therefore, the construction of a residence hall for them became urgent. Thanks to the efforts of the engineer and senator - Mojżesz Koerner, it was built in 1925 with money from the Jewish Student Advice Association. The building, at 7 Sierakowskiego Street, was designed by Henryk Stiefelman. It was a modern, spacious edifice where Albert Einstein's reading room, other reading rooms and a ward for the sick was located. About three hundred students, among them Menachem Begin, the later Prime Minister of Israel and a Peace Nobel Prize winner, lived there.
An influx of students brought Praga back to life: political, cultural and sports groups gathered there, especially the right-wing Zionist Bejtar which organised military exercises and talks for its sympathisers. The Bejtar club - Bar Kochba which united intelligentsia and craftsmen, who took care of strengthening patriotism of Jews with secular world views, was located in the cellars of the synagogue at Szeroka Street. In 1931, the national congress of the Polish Bejtar, under the chairman of Zeew Żabotyński, took place in Praga.

The Great Synagogue

The Great Synagogue at Tłomackie street, Warszawa 1912.

TŁOMACKIE STREET AND THE GREAT SYNAGOGUE
The spelling of the name of the square and its surroundings changed in the mid-19th century. The official spelling used in the earlier century contained the letter “u”, since the name was derived from the town of Tłumacz. With time, the “u” changed to a “ó”, and that in turn became “o”. By the time Tłomackie started to be regularly included on maps of Warsaw, the name was spelled with an “o”.

“Further on, in Tłomackie, there is the Jewish quarter; it is known that Jews trade in all kinds of junk, but here, when the Sejm assembles, they are permitted to sell new merchandise in their shops”.
Fryderyk Schultz, Podróże Inflantczyka z Rygi do Warszawy i po Polsce w latach 1791–1793

On September 26, 1878, the day of the Jewish New Year, the Great Synagogue in Tłomackie opened with great excitement. The imposing Classicist building designed by Leander Marconi was erected because of the initiative of enlightened members of the Jewish community. The Great Synagogue became a symbol of the contemporary face of Jewish culture and brought together assimilated Jewish intelligentsia.
“In the upper part of the building the austere Classicist features transform into an intricate, Byzantine-Moorish style”.
Wiktor Gomulicki, Ignacy Szmideberg, Ilustrowany przewodnik po Warszawie
“The whole interior, with no decorations other than bronze chandeliers and bronze balustrades on the galleries surrounding the hall, must inspire awe with its simplicity. As you walk further inside, the magnificence of the red and white curtains, embroidered with gold and silver thread, the ark of cedar wood, the marble plaques with inscriptions, the altar, the chandeliers and the everlasting lamp establish a genuinely religious atmosphere - here, you feel you are truly in a temple”.
Sęp (W. J. Malaszewski), Nowa synagoga w Warszawie, 1878

It was not called Great without a reason: the building could accommodate 2,400 people, including 600 seats in the women's gallery and choir. The interior was adorned with marble, carved columns, domes, chandeliers and high balconies. It was the largest synagogue in Warsaw and belonged to a group of reformed synagogues, which meant that religious services were accompanied by a choir and organ music, and the preachers spoke Polish, despite bans imposed by the Russian administration. A particularly memorable sermon at the synagogue, promoting the love of one's neighbour and tolerance across religious boundaries, was delivered by Rabbi Izaak Cylkow during the opening ceremony.

The Jewish Cemetery On Okopowa St.

85 000. The number of tombstones found at the cemetery. 80 thousand among them have had their inscriptions inventoried. Based on the number of gravestones, it is the biggest Jewish cemetery in Europe.

The Jewish cemetery on Okopowa St.

Warsaw Ghetto

Warsaw’s pre-war Jewish population in 1939 was 393,950 Jews, approximately one-third of the city total. From October 1939 to January 1940, Germans enacted anti-Jewish measures, including forced labor, the wearing of a Jewish star and a prohibition against riding on public transportation.
In April 1940, construction of the ghetto walls began. On Yom Kippur, October 12, 1940, the Nazis announced the building of Jewish residential quarters. Roughly 30% of the city’s population was to be confined to an area that comprised just 2.4% of city lands. Jews from Warsaw and those deported from other places throughout Western Europe were ordered to move into the ghetto, while 113,000 Christians were moved out of the area. The ghetto was divided into two sections, a small ghetto at the south end and a larger one at the north end. German and Polish police guarded its outside entrance and a Jewish militia was formed to police the inside.
The population of the ghetto reached more than half a million people. Unemployment was a major problem in the ghetto. Illegal workshops were created to manufacture goods to be sold illegally on the outside and raw goods were smuggled in. Children became couriers and smugglers.
Hospitals, public soup kitchens, orphanages, refugee centers and recreation facilities were formed, as well as a school system. Some schools were illegal and operated under the guise of a soup kitchen. Still, many Jews died from mass epidemics (such as typhoid) and hunger. The streets were filled with corpses. Jews in the ghetto still had to pay for burial, and if they couldn't afford it, the bodies were left unburied.

Yohil branch (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham)

Michel sub branch (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yohil branch)

To see Michel sub branch go to MICHEL SUB-BRANCH ( GOLDFARB TREE, DESCENDANTS OF ABRAHAM, YOHIL BRANCH )

Family of Borukh Yohilevich Goldfarb (1779) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yohil branch)

State Archives of the City of Warsaw.
In this document, in 1825, a record was made about the birth of Freud-Perla Goldfarb, daughter of Borukh Iokhilevich (age 46 years old, b. In 1779) and Hodes Feivelevna Goldfarb (age 40 years old, b. In 1785) in the city of Warsaw.

State Archives of the City of Warsaw.
In this document, in 1851, a record was made about the death of Hudes Goldfarb (age 72 years old, b. in 1779), the daughter of Feuvel and Sylka in the city of Warsaw, where her husband Borukh Goldfarb (age 74 years old, b. in 1777) is mentioned. and her children Israel, Feivel and Freuda.

Family of Freida-Perla Borukhovna Goldfarb (1825) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yohil branch)

State Archives of the City of Warsaw.
In this document, in 1860, a record was made about the marriage of Shmul Weiz (age 19 years old, b. In 1841) and Sura-Breida Kanarek (age 16 years old, b. In 1844), the daughter of Levek Kanarek and Freida-Perla Goldfarb in the city of Warsaw.

Family of Israel Borukhovich Goldfarb (1803) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yohil branch)

State Archives of the City of Warsaw.
In this document, in 1833, a record was made about the marriage of Israel Goldfarb (age 30 years old, b. In 1803) and Reiza Kozycka (age 18 years old, b. In 1815), where his parents Boruch and Hudes Goldfarb are mentioned in the city of Warsaw.

Jewish cemetery on Okopova street. Warsaw.
Database.
In this document, in 1877, the date of death of Israel Goldfarb (age ? Years, b. In ? y.) Is indicated, where his father Boruch Goldfarb is mentioned, in the city of Warsaw.

State Archives of the City of Warsaw.
In this document, in 1862, a record was made about the death of Reiza Goldfarb (age 46 years old, b. In 1816), the wife of Israel Goldfarb (age 50 years old, b. In 1812), where her children are mentioned: Helil, Zusman, Kopel, Boruch and Hidl in the city of Warsaw.

Jewish cemetery on Okopova street. Warsaw.
Database.
In this document, in 1862, the date of death of Reisel Goldfarb (age? Years, b. In? G.) Is indicated, where her husband Israel Goldfarb is mentioned, in the city of Warsaw.

State Archives of the City of Warsaw.
In this document, in 1836, a record was made of the birth of Moshek-Levek Goldfarb, the son of Srul (age 33 years old, b. In 1803) and Reiza Moshkovna Goldfarb (age 20 years old, b. In 1816) in the city of Warsaw.

State Archives of the City of Warsaw.
In this document, in 1847, a record was made about the birth of Hilel Goldfarb, the son of Israel (age 40 years old, b. In 1807) and Reiza Moshkovna Goldfarb (age 36 years old, b. In 1811) in the city of Warsaw.

State Archives of the City of Warsaw.
In this document, in 1844, a record was made of the stillbirth of the Goldfarb twins, the sons of Israel (age? Years, b. In ? ) And Reiza Moshkovna Goldfarb (age? Years, b. In ?) In the city of Warsaw.

State Archives of the City of Warsaw.
In this document, in 1849, a record was made about the birth of the twins Kopel and Itsek Goldfarb, the sons of Israel (age 44 years old, b. In 1805) and Reiza Moshkovna Goldfarb (age 31 years old, b. In 1818) in the city of Warsaw.

State Archives of the City of Warsaw.
In this document, in 1851, a record was made about the death of Ester-Mindel Goldfarb, the daughter of Israel (age 47 years old, b. In 1804) and Reiza Moshkovna Goldfarb (age 40 years old, b. In 1811) in the city of Warsaw.

State Archives of the City of Warsaw.
In this document, in 1852, a record was made of the birth of Yakov Goldfarb, the son of Israel (age 46 years old, b. In 1806) and Reiza Moshkovna Goldfarb (age 33 years old, b. In 1819) in the city of Warsaw.

State Archives of the City of Warsaw.
In this document, in 1852, a record was made about the death of Yakov Goldfarb (age 2 months, b. In 1852), the son of Israel (age 46 years old, b. In 1806) and Reiza Moshkovna Goldfarb (age 33 years old, b. 1819) in the city of Warsaw.

State Archives of the City of Warsaw.
In this document, in 1853, a record was made about the death of Benjamin Goldfarb (age 13 days, b. In 1853), the son of Israel (age 42 years old, b. In 1811) and Reiza Moshkovna Goldfarb (age 40 years old, b. in 1813) in the city of Warsaw.

State Archives of the City of Warsaw.
In this document, in 1853, a record was made about the death of Borukh Goldfarb (age 40 years old, b. In 1855), the son of Israel (age? Years, b. In? G.) and Reiza Moshkovna Goldfarb (age? Years, b. in? g.) in the city of Warsaw, where his wife and five children are mentioned.

Family of Hilel Israelevich Goldfarb (1847) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yohil branch)

Jewish cemetery on Okopova street. Warsaw.
Database.
In this document, in 1896, the date of the death of Helil Goldfarb (age ? Years, b. In ? y.) Is indicated, where his father Israel Goldfarb is mentioned, in the city of Warsaw.

State Archives of the City of Warsaw.
In this document, in 1865, a record was made of the birth of Mindla Goldfarb, the daughter of Hillel (age 26 years old, b. In 1839) and Mariam-Zusla Goldfarb (age 21 years old, b. In 1844) in the city of Warsaw.

Jewish cemetery on Okopova street. Warsaw.
Database.
In this document, in 1928, the date of death of Abraham-Dov Goldfarb (age 57 years old, b. In 1871) is indicated, where his father Helil Goldfarb is mentioned, in the city of Warsaw.

Jewish cemetery on Okopova street. Warsaw.
Database.
In this document, in 1925, the date of death of Moishe Goldfarb (age ? Years, b. In ? y.) Is indicated, where his father Helil Goldfarb is mentioned, in the city of Warsaw.

Family of Feivel Borukhovich Goldfarb (1809) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yohil branch)

State Archives of the City of Warsaw.
In this document, in 1846, a record was made of the marriage of Feivel Goldfarb (age 36 years old, b. In 1810) and Khana Gizunsayt (age 20 years old, b. In 1826), the son of Borukh and Hodes Goldfarb in the city of Warsaw.

State Archives of the City of Warsaw.
In this document, in 1835, a record was made of the birth in 1832 of Sheidl-Beila Goldfarb, daughter of Feivel (age 27 years old, b. In 1808) and Khaya-Sura Goldfarb (age 23 years old, b. In 1812) in the city of Warsaw.

State Archives of the City of Warsaw.
In this document, in 1835, a record was made of the stillbirth of Goldfarb, son of Feivel (age 26 years old, b. In 1809) and Khaya-Sura Goldfarb (age 30 years old, b. In 1805), in the city of Warsaw.

State Archives of the City of Warsaw.
In this document, in 1838, a record was made of the stillbirth of Goldfarb, son of Feivel (age ? years old, b. In ?) and Khaya-Sura Goldfarb (age ? years old, b. In ?), in the city of Warsaw.

State Archives of the City of Warsaw.
In this document, in 1848, a record was made of the birth of Sura-Dvoira Goldfarb, daughter of Feivel (age 48 years old, b. In 1800) and Khana Goldfarb (age 20 years old, b. In 1828) in the city of Warsaw.

State Archives of the City of Warsaw.
In this document, in 1851, a record was made of the death of Itsek Goldfarb (age 1 year, b. In 1850), the son of the merchant Feivel (age 40, b. in 1829) in the city of Warsaw.

State Archives of the City of Warsaw.
In this document, in 1851, a record was made about the death of Khana Goldfarb (age 3 months, b. In 1851), daughter of the merchant Feivel (age 45 years old, b. In 1806) and Khana Goldfarb (age 22 years old, b. in 1829) in the city of Warsaw.

Family of Rifka Feivelevna Goldfarb (1843) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yokhil branch)

State Archives of the City of Warsaw.
In this document, in 1860, a record was made about the marriage of Yudka Gesanhat (age 18 years old, b. In 1842) and Rifka Goldfarb (age 17 years old, b. In 1843), where her parents, Feivel and Khaya-Sura Goldfarb, are mentioned. in the city of Warsaw.

Family of Levek Israelevich Goldfarb (1783) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yokhil branch)

State Archives of the City of Warsaw.
In this document, in 1847, a record was made about the death of Levek Israelevich Goldfarb (age 64, b. In 1783), where his wife Eidlya and son Aron are mentioned, in the city of Warsaw.

Family of Shloma Goldfarb (1790) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yokhil branch)

State Archives of the town of Siedlce.
Fund 201.
In this document, in 1826, the birth of Usher Goldfarb was recorded, where his father Shloma (age 36 years old, b. In 1790) and his mother Sura Goldfarb (age 30 years old, b. In 1796), in the city Minsk-Mazowiecki.

State Archives of the town of Siedlce.
Fund 201.
In this document, in 1826, a record was made about the death of Usher Goldfarb (age 2 days, b. In 1826), where his father Shloma (age 36 years old, b. In 1790) and his mother Sura Goldfarb (age? years, b. in? g.), in the city of Minsk-Mazowiecki.

State Archives of the town of Siedlce.
Fund 201.
In this document, in 1829, a record was made about the birth of Levik Goldfarb, where his father Shloma (age 38 years old, b. In 1791) and his mother Sura Goldfarb (age 30 years old, b. In 1799) are mentioned, in the city Minsk-Mazowiecki.

State Archives of the town of Siedlce.
Fund 201.
In this document, in 1829, a record was made about the death of Gersh-Leib Goldfarb (age 9 months, b. In 1828), where his father Shloma (age? Years, b. In? y.) And mother Sura Goldfarb ( age ? years, b. in ? year), in the city of Minsk-Mazowiecki.

State Archives of the town of Siedlce.
Fund 473.
In this document, in 1833, a record was made about the death of Sheina-Tauba Goldfarb (age 6 years old, b. In 1827), where her father Shloma and mother Sura Goldfarb are mentioned, in the city of Kalushin.

State Archives of the town of Siedlce.
Fund 473.
In this document, in 1842, a record was made about the death of Mariam Goldfarb (age 9 years old, b. In 1833), where her father Shloma and mother Sura Goldfarb are mentioned, in the city of Kalushin, where Berek Goldfarb is mentioned as a witness.

State Archives of the town of Siedlce.
Fund 473.
In this document, in 1844, a record was made about the death of Avenir Goldfarb (age 18 years old, b. In 1826), which mentions her father Shloma and mother Sura Goldfarb, in the city of Kalushin.

State Archives of the town of Siedlce.
Fund 201.
In this document, in 1841, a record was made about the birth of Shmul Goldfarb, where his father Shloma (age? Years, b. In? y.) and mother Freida Goldfarb (age 35 years, b. In 1806), in the city Minsk-Mazowiecki.

Family of Luser Shlomovich Goldfarb (1816) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yohil branch)

State Archives of the town of Siedlce.
Fund 473.
In this document, in 1836, a record was made about the marriage of Luser Goldfarb (age 20 years old, b. In 1816) and Rukhlya Korzhenetskaya (age 20 years old, b. In 1816), which mentions his parents Shloma and Sura Goldfarb, in the city of Kalushin.

Family of El Goldfarb (1789-1849) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yohil branch)

State Archives of the town of Siedlce.
Fund 201.
In this document, in 1849, a record was made about the death of El Goldfarb (age 60 years old, b. In 1789), where his wife Feiga (age? Years, b. In? G.) Is mentioned, the sons Yoska, David, Gershka and daughter of Mindlya, in the city of Minsk-Mazowiecki.

State Archives of the city of Otwock.
Fund 42.
In this document, in 1828, a record was made of the birth of Yankel Goldfarb, where his father El (age 40 years old, b. In 1788) and mother Feiga Goldfarb (age 34 years old, b. In 1794) are mentioned, in the city Karchev.

Family of Yosel Elevich Goldfarb (1819) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yohil branch)

State Archives of the town of Siedlce.
Fund 201.
In this document, in 1839, a record was made about the marriage of Yosek Goldfarb (age 20 years old, b. In 1819) and Elka Lekavskaya (age 15 years old, b. In 1824), where his parents Elia and Feiga Goldfarb are mentioned, in the city of Karchev.

Family of Frimet Elevna Goldfarb (1837) and Gdal-Aizik Avenirovich Goldfarb (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yohil branch)

State Archives of the city of Otwock.
Fund 42.
In this document, in 1853, a record was made about the marriage of Gdal-Azik Goldfarb (age 18 years old, b. In 1835) and Frimet Goldfarb (age 15 years old, b. In 1837), which mentions his parents Avenir and Golda Goldfarb and her parents Elia and Feiga Goldfarb, in the city of Karchev.

State Archives of the City of Warsaw.
Fund 200.
In this document, in 1875, a record was made about the death of Frimet Goldfarb (age 39, b. In 1836), which mentions her parents Elia and Feiga and her husband Gdal, in the city of Warsaw.

Family of Itta Elevna Goldfarb (1823) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yohil branch)

State Archives of the town of Siedlce.
Fund 201.
In this document, in 1841, a record was made about the marriage of Ita Goldfarb (age 18 years old, b. In 1823) and Yankel Makovsky (age 20 years old, b. In 1821), where her parents Elia and Feiga Goldfarb are mentioned, in the city of Minsk Mazowiecki.

Family of David Goldfarb (1781 - 1837) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yohil branch)

State Archives of the town of Siedlce.
Fund 201.
In this document, in 1837, a record was made about the death of David Goldfarb (age 56 years old, b. In 1781), where the sons Avnir, Moshka, Yankel and Shmul, in the city of Minsk Mazowiecki.

Family of Avener Davidovich Goldfarb (?) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yohil branch)

Family of Shmul Davidovich Goldfarb (~ 1825) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yohil branch)

Jewish cemetery on Okopova street. Warsaw.
Database.
In this document, in 1933, the date of death of David Shmulevich Goldfarb (age 70 years old, b. In 1863) is indicated, where his father Shmul Goldfarb is mentioned, in the city of Warsaw.

Family of Aron Goldfarb (1764 - 1829) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yohil branch)

State Archives of the town of Siedlce.
Fund 201.
In this document, in 1829, a record was made about the death of Aron Goldfarb (age 65 years old, b. In 1764), where it is mentioned that his parents are unknown, in the city of Minsk Mazowiecki.

Family of Levek Goldfarb (1813) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yohil branch)

State Archives of the town of Siedlce.
Fund 201.
In this document, in 1837, a record was made about the birth of Aron Goldfarb, where his father Levek (age 24 years old, b. In 1813) and his mother Maria Goldfarb (age 22 years old, b. In 1815) are mentioned, in the city Minsk-Mazowiecki.

Family of Moishe-Aron Avenirovich Goldfarb (1818) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yohil branch)

State Archives of the town of Siedlce.
Fund 473.
In this document, in 1842, a record was made about the marriage of Moishe-Aron Goldfarb (age 24 years old, b. In 1818) and Rashka (Rokhl) Zeldman (age 20 years old, b. In 1822), where his father is mentioned Avner and mother Maria Goldfarb, in the city of Kalushin, where Berek Goldfarb is also mentioned as a witness.

Abram sub branch (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yohil branch)

To see Abram sub branch go to ABRAM SUB-BRANCH ( GOLDFARB TREE, DESCENDANTS OF ABRAHAM, YOHIL BRANCH )

Meer Branch (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham)

Family of Meer Goldfarb (~ 1740) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham)

State Archive of the city of Lublin.
A document in 1828 recorded the death of Yosel Goldfarb, the son of Meer and Sura Goldfarb in the town of Mezhirichi Podolsky.
A document in 1828 recorded the marriage of Yankel Goldfarb, son of Yosel and Dvoira Goldfarb in the town of Mezhirichi Podolsky.
A document in 1832 recorded the birth of Yosel-Judah Goldfarb, son of Yankel and Tsina-Rukhli Goldfarb in the town of Mezhirichi Podolsky.
A document in 1834 recorded the birth of Mathis Goldfarb, son of Yankel and Tsina-Rukhli Goldfarb in the town of Mezhirichi Podolsky.
A document in 1834 recorded the death of Yosel-Judah Goldfarb, son of Yankel and Tsina-Rukhli Goldfarb in the town of Mezhirichi Podolsky.
A document in 1837 recorded the birth of Rosa Goldfarb, daughter of Yankel and Tsina-Rukhli Goldfarb in the town of Mezhirichi Podolsky.
A document in 1839 recorded the birth of Isaac Goldfarb, son of Yankel and Tsina-Rukhli Goldfarb in the town of Mezhirichi Podolsky.
A document in 1841 recorded the death of Itsko Goldfarb, son of Yankel and Tsina-Rukhli Goldfarb in the town of Mezhirichi Podolsky.
A document in 1842 recorded the marriage of Ester Goldfarb, the daughter of Yosel and Dvoira Goldfarb in the town of Mezhirichi Podolsky.
A document in 1843 recorded the death of Dvoira Goldfarb, probably the wife of Yosel Goldfarb in the town of Mezhirichi Podolsky.
A document in 1844 recorded the marriage of Freud-Sura Goldfarb, the daughter of Yosel and Dvoira Goldfarb in the town of Mezhirichi Podolsky.
A document in 1844 recorded the marriage of Shmul-Yosel Goldfarb, the son of Avram and Esther Goldfarb in the town of Mezhirichi Podolsky.
A document in 1846 recorded the birth of Peysakh Goldfarb, the son of Shmul and Pearl Goldfarb in the town of Mezhirichi Podolsky.
A document in 1848 recorded the death of Yankel Goldfarb, the son of Shmul-Yosel and Pearl Goldfarb in the town of Mezhirichi Podolsky.

Family Shmul-Yosel Avramovich Goldfarb (~ 1835) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Meer branch)

Jewish cemetery on Okopova street. Warsaw.
Database.
In this document, in 1926, the date of the death of Shmul-Yosef Goldfarb (age 74 years old, b. In 1852) is indicated, where his father Abram-Judah Goldfarb is mentioned, in the city of Warsaw.

Jewish cemetery on Okopova street. Warsaw.
Database.
In this document, in 1927, the date of death of Rachel Goldfarb (age 78 years old, b. In 1849) is indicated, where her husband Shmul-Yosif Goldfarb is mentioned, in the city of Warsaw.

Jewish cemetery on Okopova street. Warsaw.
Database.
In this document in 1909, the date of death of Eliakhu-Yakov Goldfarb (age? Years, b. In? G.) Is indicated, where his father Shmul-Yosif Goldfarb is mentioned, in the city of Warsaw.

Goldfarbs from Chernyakhov

In the revision tales of 1811 in the town of Chernyakhov there are families of two Goldfarb brothers - Aron Yankelevich (1763) and Avrum Yankelevich (1779), whose descendants continued to live in the Zhytomyr district.

The settlement of Chernyakhov is known since 1545. According to the revision of 1847, the Chernyakhov Jewish Society consisted of 1,267 souls. According to the census of 1897, out of 3,878 residents of the town, there were 1,774 Jews (45.7%).

Reference book "The whole South-Western region", 1913 Chernyakhov.

An interesting story happened in 1946. During the occupation, the peasants pulled Matzevahs away from the old Jewish cemetery - used as building material. When the Nazis were expelled and the Jews returned from evacuation, they wanted to restore the cemetery, but no one was going to give it away. Then the priest from the local church said: until the gravestones are returned, he will not conduct a single service in the church. A few days later the Matzevahs were at the cemetery again.

Yakov Lazarevich Goldfarb 1901-1985
probably was the son of Leiser-Idel Duvidovich Goldfarb, born in 1856.

Today (2017) several Jews live in Chernyakhov, a Jewish community operates.

The chemist Yakov Lazarevich Goldfarb, author of textbooks for schools and winner of numerous awards, was born in the town of Chernyakhov.
Co-author of the textbook (along with L. M. Smorgonsky) "Tasks and Exercises in Chemistry" (1934, Moscow: Uchpedgiz), which stood 26 editions.
A textbook of organic chemistry for class 10 from 1932 to 1948, written together with V.N. Verkhovsky and L.M. Smorgonsky, weathered 13 editions and was translated into 24 languages.
Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the RSFSR. He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor and the "Badge of Honor", six medals and the "Excellence in Education of the USSR" badge.
Winner of the Prize. A.M. Butlerov of the 1965 Academy of Sciences of the USSR for research in the field of thiophene chemistry.

Yankel Branch (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham)

Family of Avrum Yankelevich Goldfarb (1779-1835) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yankel branch)

- Fund 118 Inventory 14 Case 24, No. 9.
The revision Tale of 1811, of the Volyn Province of the City of Zhytomyr about the male merchants, Guilds, and Petty Bourgeois. Revision Tale of 1811, Volyn Province of Zhytomyr Povet, the Town of Chernyakhov about the Philistines of the Jews. (645 p.)
In this document dated December 30, 1811, the family of our relative Avrum Yankelevich Golfarb (Goldfarb) appears among male Jews.
Age 32 years old, b. in 1779.

Family of Aron Abramovich Goldfarb (1801) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yankel branch)

- Fund 118 Inventory 14 Case 53, No. 149.
Revision Tale of 1850, Volyn Province of the City of Zhytomyr about Petty Bourgeois Jews. (1045 p.)
In this document of October 30, 1850, the family of our relative Berko Abramovich Goldfarb (Goldfarb) appears among male Jews.
Age 57 years old, b. in 1797,
Berko's 1st son: Gdal, age 32 years old, b. in 1818,
Gdal's sons:
Avrum-Usher, age 14 years old, b. in 1836,
Duvid, age 11 years old, b. in 1839,
Nuta, age 8 years old, b. in 1842,
Berko's 2nd son:
Yos Pinchas, age 5 years old, according to an audit of 1934, b. in 1829, given to recruits in 1840,
Berko's 3rd son:
Yontal, age 18 years old, b. in 1832,
Yontal's son:
Gersh Leib, age 0.5 years, b. in 1850,

Berko's brother:
Aron Abramovich, age 49 years old, b. in 1801,
Aron's son:
Volko, age 24 years, b. in 1826,
Volko's son:
Avrum, age 6 years old, b. in 1844,

Among female Jews appears
Berko's wife - Sura Shmuleva, age 51 years old, b. in 1799,
Ggal's wife - Leia Khaimova, age 32, b. in 1818,
Gdal's daughter:
Brukha, age 3 years old, b. in 1847,
Berko's daughter:
Khaya-Sura, age 16 years old, b. in 1834,
Yontal's wife - Feiga-Brukha, age 17 years old, b. in 1833,

Aron's wife - Zlata Yoseva, age 50, b. in 1800,
Volko's wife - Dvora Pinhasova, age 20 years old, b. in 1830.

Family of Khuna Volkovich Goldfarb (1828) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yankel branch)

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 1.
The metric book of the synagogue of Zhytomyr. Birth. 1844-1845 years. (79 p.)
In this document of July 1, 1845, the family of our relative, Khuna Volkovich Goldfarb (born 1828), appears among male Jews, whose son Wolf was born in the city of Zhytomyr,
mother - Sheindl.

Family of Aron-Moishe Volkovich Goldfarb (~ 1855) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yankel branch)

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 468.
Metric book of the Kotelnа synagogue. Birth. 1863-1884 years. (308p)
In this document dated July 8, 1880, among the male Jews, the family of our relative Aron-Moisha Volkovich Goldfarb (born ~ 1855) appears, whose daughter Tsilya was born in the city of Kotelnya, mother Toyba.

Family of Shlоma Volkovich Goldfarb (~ 1850) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yankel branch)

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 468.
Metric book of the Kotelnа synagogue. Birth. 1863-1884 years. (308p)
In this document dated May 7, 1881, the family of our relative Shlоma Volkovich Goldfarb (born ~ 1850) appears among the male Jews, whose son Aron-Borukh-Moishe was born in the village of Boyarka, mother Khanа.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 468.
Metric book of the Kotelnа synagogue. Birth. 1863-1884 years. (308p)
In this document dated August 6, 1884, the family of our relative Shloma Volkovich Goldfarb (born ~ 1850) appears among the male Jews, who had a daughter, Reiza, in Kotelnya, mother Khanа.

Family of Bentsion Shlomovich Goldfarb (~ 1870) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yankel branch)

- Fund 663 Inventory 1 Case 47.
Metric book of the Korostyshev synagogue. Birth. 1900 year. (60 p.)
In this document dated July 6, 1900, the family of our relative Bentsion Shlomovich Goldfarb (born ~ 1870) appears among the male Jews, whose son Elkun was born in the town of Kopostyshev, mother Rosia-Feiga.

Family of Khaim-Leib Shlomovich Goldfarb (~ 1870) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yankel branch)

- Fund 663 Inventory 1 Case 40.
Metric book of the Korostyshev synagogue. Birth. 1893 year. (88p.)
In this document dated June 16, 1893, the family of our relative Khaim-Leib Shlomovich Goldfarb (born ~ 1870) appears among the male Jews, who had a son, Shmul-Zayvel was born in the town of Kopostyshev, mother, Bluma.

- Fund 663 Inventory 1 Case 39.
Metric book of the Korostyshev synagogue. Birth. 1892 (60p.)
In this document dated March 12, 1892, the family of our relative Khaim-Leib Shlomovich Goldfarb (born ~ 1870) appears among the male Jews, whose daughter Zlata was born in the town of Kopostyshev, mother, Bluma-Freida.

- Fund 663 Inventory 1 Case 48.
Metric book of the Korostyshev synagogue. Birth. 1892 (99p.)
In this document dated July 20, 1901, the family of our relative Khaim-Leib Shlomovich Goldfarb (born ~ 1870) appears among the male Jews, whose daughter Khaya was born in the town of Kopostyshev, mother, Bluma-Freida.

Family of Berko Abramovich Goldfarb (1798) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yankel branch)

- Fund 118 Inventory 14 Case 53, No. 149.
Revision Tale of 1850, Volyn Province of the City of Zhytomyr about Petty Bourgeois Jews. (1045 p.)
In this document of October 30, 1850, the family of our relative Berko Abramovich Goldfarb (Goldfarb) appears among male Jews.
Age 57 years old, b. in 1797,
Berko's 1st son: Gdal, age 32 years old, b. in 1818,
Gdal's sons:
Avrum-Usher, age 14 years old, b. in 1836,
Duvid, age 11 years old, b. in 1839,
Nuta, age 8 years old, b. in 1842,
Berko's 2nd son:
Yos Pinchas, age 5 years old, according to an audit of 1934, b. in 1829, given to recruits in 1840,
Berko's 3rd son:
Yontal, age 18 years old, b. in 1832,
Yontal's son:
Gersh Leib, age 0.5 years, b. in 1850,

Berko's brother:
Aron Abramovich, age 49 years old, b. in 1801,
Aron's son:
Volko, age 24 years, b. in 1826,
Volko's son:
Avrum, age 6 years old, b. in 1844,

Among female Jews appears
Berko's wife - Sura Shmuleva, age 51 years old, b. in 1799,
Ggal's wife - Leia Khaimova, age 32, b. in 1818,
Gdal's daughter:
Brukha, age 3 years old, b. in 1847,
Berko's daughter:
Khaya-Sura, age 16 years old, b. in 1834,
Yontal's wife - Feiga-Brukha, age 17 years old, b. in 1833,

Aron's wife - Zlata Yoseva, age 50, b. in 1800,
Volko's wife - Dvora Pinhasova, age 20 years old, b. in 1830.

Family of Gdal Berkovich Goldfarb (1818) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yankel branch)

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 556.
Alphabet of the Metric books of the Zhytomyr synagogue. Death. 1847-1874 years.
In this document, dated October 7, 1872, a record was made of the death of our relative, Rukhlia Gdalevna Goldfarb (8 years old, born 1864).

Family of Brukha Gdalevna Goldfarb (1851) ( Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yankel branch)

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 474.
Metric book of Zhytomyr synagogue. Marriages 1869-1875 years. (536 p.)
In this document dated January 11, 1871, the family of our relative Brukha Gdalevna Goldfarb (b. 1851), who married Yankel Itskovich Kryshtal (b. 1836), appears among female Jews.

Family of Nuta Gdalevich Goldfarb ( Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yankel branch)

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 555.
Alphabet of the Metric books of the Zhytomyr synagogue. Divorces. 1850-1895 years.
In this document from 1870, the family of our relative Nuta Gdalevich Goldfarb (Born in1838), who divorced Enta Shmulevna ( Born in 1844), appears.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 556.
Alphabet of the Metric books of the Zhytomyr synagogue. Death. 1847-1874 years.
In this document, dated March 12, 1867, a record was made of the death of our relative, Yos Nutovich Goldfarb (1 years old, born 1866).

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 462.
Metric book of Zhytomyr synagogue. Birth. 1877-1879 years. (660 p.)
In this document dated March 14, 1877, the family of our relative Nuta Gdalevich Goldfarb, whose son Aron was born, is among the male Jews.
Mother Chaya-Beila Ber-Leybovna.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 462.
Metric book of Zhytomyr synagogue. Birth. 1877-1879 years. (660 p.)
In this document dated March 14, 1877, the family of our relative Nuta Gdalevich Goldfarb, whose son Ekhil-Michel was born, is among the male Jews.
Mother Haya Ber-Leybovna.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 459.
The metric book of the synagogue of Zhytomyr. Birth. 1868-1871 years. (533 p.)
In this document of February 5, 1871, the family of our relative Nuta Gdalevich Goldfarb appears among male Jews, whose son Shmul was born.
Mother Enta Alta Shmuleva.

Family of Duvid Gdalevich Goldfarb (1839-1906) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yankel branch)

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 474.
The metric book of the synagogue of Zhytomyr. Marriage. 1869-1875 years.
In this document dated May 13, 1872, the family of our relative Duvid Gdalevich Goldfarb (born 1844), who married thekhaya-Rifka Usherovna Kisluk (born in 1850), appears.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 686.
Alphabet of the Metric books of the Zhytomyr synagogue. Death. 1904-1920 years.
In this document dated 1906, a record was made of the death of our relative Duvid Gdalevich Goldfarb.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 556.
Alphabet of the Metric books of the Zhytomyr synagogue. Death. 1847-1874 years.
In this document dated 1873, a record was made of the death of our relatives Berko Duvidovich Goldfarb (1/2 years old) and
Leib Duvidovich Goldfarb (1 years old).

Family of Avrum-Usher Gdalevich Goldfarb (1836-1912) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yankel branch)

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 686.
Alphabet of the Metric books of the Zhytomyr synagogue. Death. 1904-1920 years.
In this document dated 1912, a record was made of the death of our relative Avrum-Usher Gdalevich Goldfarb.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 686.
Alphabet of the Metric books of the Zhytomyr synagogue. Death. 1904-1920 years.
In this document dated 1909, a record was made of the death of our relative Aron Avrum-Usherovich Goldfarb.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 557.
Alphabet of the Metric books of the Zhytomyr synagogue. Death. 1875-1883 years.
In this document, dated June 25, 1876, a record was made of the death of our relative, Yos Avrum-Usherovich Goldfarb (2 years old, born 1875).
Father Avrum-Usher Goldfarb.

Family of Ovsey Avrum-Usherovich Goldfarb (1869) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yankel branch)

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 690.
Alphabet of the Metric books of the Zhytomyr synagogue. Divorces. 1860-1914 years. 238 p.
In this document from 1907, the family of our relative Ovsey Avrum-Usherovich Goldfarb (? Born), who divorced Fradeu (? Born), appears.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 652.
Metric book of Zhytomyr's synagogue. Marriage. 1907-1909 years. (351 p.)
In this document, dated November 10, 1909, the family of our relative, Ovsey Avrum-Usherovich Goldfarb (born in 1869), appears, who married Lubar's petty bourgeoisle Khaya Khaim-Gershivoy Teler (born in 1877).

Family of Gersh-Leib Iontalevich Goldfarb (1850) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Abraham, Yankel branch)

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 555.
Alphabet of the Metric books of the Zhytomyr synagogue. Divorce. 1850-1895 years. (239 p.)
In this document from 1880, the family of our relative Gersh-Leib Iontalevich Goldfarb, who divorced Gudel Froim-Gershova, appears among male Jews.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 615.
The metric book of the synagogue of Zhytomyr. Birth. 1884-1898 years. (380 p.)
In this document dated December 6, 1889, the family of our relative Gersh-Leib Iontalevich Goldfarb (born in 1850) appears among male Jews, whose daughter Zeitel was born in the city of Zhytomyr, mother Rukhlya-Leia.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 615.
The metric book of the synagogue of Zhytomyr. Birth. 1884-1898 years. (380 p.)
In this document, dated February 18, 1886, the family of our relative Gersh-Leib Iontalevich Goldfarb (born 1850) appears among male Jews, who had a son, Berko, in the city of Zhitomir, mother of Ruhlya-Leia Moshkov.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 651.
The metric book of the synagogue of Zhytomyr. Marriage. 1904-1906 years. (273 p.)
In this document dated June 16, 1904, the family of our relative Leizer Gersh-Leibovich Goldfarb (born 1875), who married the Kotelyansk bourgeois Sura-Dvora Gershkovna Yarmolskaya (born in 1883), appears among male Jews.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 647.
The metric book of the synagogue of Zhytomyr. Marriage. 1895-1896 years.
In this document dated May 10, 1896, the family of our relative Avram-Moyshe Leyzerovich Goldfarb (born 1862), who married the Radomysl's bourgeois Khaya Shmulevna Khazinovich (born in 1875), appears.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 566.
The metric book of the synagogue of Zhytomyr. Birth. 1897.
In this document, dated March 12, 1897, the family of our relative Avrum-Moishe Leizerovich Goldfarb (born ?) appears, who had a daughter, Beila, in the city of Zhitomir, mother of Khaya Shmulevna.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 567.
The metric book of the synagogue of Zhytomyr. Birth. 1898-1899.
In this document, dated July 24, 1898, the family of our relative Avrum-Moishe Leizerovich Goldfarb (born ?) appears, who had a daughter, Charna, in the city of Zhitomir, mother of Khaya Shmulevna.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 568.
The metric book of the synagogue of Zhytomyr. Birth. 1900.
In this document, dated February 17, 1900, the family of our relative Avrum-Moishe Leizerovich Goldfarb (born ?) appears, who had a son, Shmul, in the city of Zhitomir, mother of Khaya Shmulevna.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 571.
The metric book of the synagogue of Zhytomyr. Birth. 1903.
In this document, dated March 27, 1903, the family of our relative Avrum-Moishe Leizerovich Goldfarb (born ?) appears, who had a daughter, Brukha, in the city of Zhitomir, mother of Khaya Shmulevna.

Descendants of Itschak (Goldfarb tree)

Archival documents confirming the validity of the above Goldfarb diagram

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Itskhak Goldfarb family(~1720)( Goldfarb tree, descendants of Itskhak )*
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
* Indicated in light green on the diagram.

The "Census (Revision Tales) of the Jews of Ostrog in 1795" http://kehilalinks.jewishgen.org/ostroh/ :

In the revision tales of 1795 (Ostrog), the Itshko Lezerovich family (without a surname) is written of the owner of the stall, who could be our Itskhak Goldfarb. Itskhak, we assume, had six sons and three daughters:
Aron, Mordka, Yankel, Aron-Shmul, Yovel, Leibka we did not establish the names of the daughters. But we know the names of their sons:
Abram Shmulevich Melomed, Yos Yovelich Pasternak, Yankel Peysakhovich Kremen.

The families of the daughters of Itskhak Goldfarb (~ 1720)

Most of the information presented here is taken from the Database of Indexing the Name of the Name - the name of the city in the Kremenetsky district "http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/Kremenets/web-pages/documents/concordance/Concordance-by-surname.xlsx"(Excel file)
For the cities of the Kremenetsky district of Ukraine. Includes cities from other districts, provinces and rural areas referred to in the documents of the Kremenets district.
Compiled by Dr. Ronald D. Doctor, Co-coordinator, Kremenets Shtetl CO-OP (rddpdx@gmail.com) and Ellen Garshik, Member of the Board, Kremenets Shtetl CO-OP (ellengarshick@yahoo.com)
July 1, 2017

State Archive of the Ternopil region.
Revisionary tales about Jews Volyn province for 1816.
In this document of 1817, the family of our relatives, Abram Shmulevich Melomad, is listed among male Jews, age 30 years old, b. 1787, nephew of Yoil Itskovich Goldfarb, living in the town of Berezhtsy.
Perlia his wife, age 30 years old, b. 1787,
Abram Shmulevich's daughter:
Gitlia, age 2 years old, b.1815.

In this document of 1817, the family of our relatives, Yos Yuilevich Pasternak, is listed among male Jews, age 25 years old, b. 1792, nephew of Yoil Itskovich Goldfarb, living in the town of Berezhtsy.
Sura-Leia his wife, age 22 years old, b. 1795,
Yos Yuilevich's daughter:
Khana-Tovba, age 1 years old, b.1816.

In this document of 1817, the family of our relatives, Yankel Peisakhovich Kremen, is listed among male Jews, age 16 years old, b. 1801, nephew of Yoil Itskovich Goldfarb, living in the town of Berezhtsy.

State Archive of the Ternopil region.
Revision tales of the Jews of Volyn province for 1834.
In this document, dated April 15, 1834, the family of our relatives, Abram Shmulevich Melomad, is listed among male Jews, age 48 years old, b. 1787, nephew of Yoil Itskovich Goldfarb, living in the town of Berezhtsy.
Perlia his wife, age 48 years old, b. 1787.

In this document, dated April 15, 1834, the family of our relatives, Yos Yuilevich Pasternak, is listed among male Jews, age 25 years old in revision tale 1816, b. 1792, died in 1832, nephew of Yoil Itskovich Goldfarb, living in the town of Berezhtsy.
Sura-Leia his wife, age 40 years old, b. 1795,
Yos Yuilevich's son:
Ovsey-Gavril, age 14 years old, b.1820.

In this document of 1817, the family of our relatives, Yankel Peisakhovich Kremen, is listed among male Jews, age 34 years old, b. 1800, nephew of Yoil Itskovich Goldfarb, living in the town of Berezhtsy.
Tova his wife, age 36 years old, b. 1798,
Yankel Peisakhovich's son:
Paisakh-Moishe, age 5 years old, b.1829,
Yankel Peisakhovich's daughter:
Etia, age 2 years old, b.1832.

Aron Branch (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Itskhak)

Family of Kisel Aronovich Goldfarb (1770-1842) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Itskhak, Aron branch)

State Archives of the city of Lublin.
In this document in 1842, an entry was made about the death of Kisel Goldfarb in the city of Lublin. Age 72 years old, b. 1770. He was son of Aron and Hinda (Khana) Goldfarb, long dead.
His son Aron was born in 1802.

Family of Aron Kiselevich Goldfarb (1802-1837) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Itskhak, Aron branch)

State Archives of the city of Lublin.
In this document in 1837 an entry was made about the second marriage of Aron Goldfarb, 35 (born 1802), with Golda Tuhshnayder, 22 years old (born 1815), in the city of Lublin. Aron is recorded as the son of Kisel and Hinda (Khana) Goldfarb.

State Archives of the city of Lublin.
In this document in 1836, an entry was made about the death of Chena Goldfarb (Aron Goldfarb’s first wife), 30 years old (born 1806), in the city of Lublin. Aron signed this act.

State Archives of the city of Lublin.
In this document in 1836, an entry was made about the birth of Israel-Moshka Goldfarb (son of Aron Goldfarb) in the city of Lublin. Aron signed this act.

State Archives of the city of Lublin.
In this document, dated September 22, 1837, the death of Aron Goldfarb, 35 (born 1802), was recorded in the city of Lublin, leaving behind his wife Golda Goldfarb, the son of Israel-Moshko. Kissel Goldfarb, his father, signed the act.

Family of Moshko Aronovicha Goldfarb (1827) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Itskhak, Aron branch)

State Archives of the city of Lublin.
In this document, in 1863, the birth of Esther Rukhl Goldfarb, daughter of the Moshek and Dvoyra Goldfarb, 35 years old, was recorded in the city of Lublin.

State Archives of the city of Lublin.
In this document, in 1865, the birth of Khana-Maria Goldfarb, daughter of Moshek and Dvoira Goldfarb, 36 years old, was recorded in the city of Lublin.

State Archives of the city of Lublin.
In this document, in 1868, the birth of Benzion Goldfarb, the son of Moshko, 43 years old and Dvoyra Goldfarb, 39, was recorded in the city of Lublin.

State Archives of the city of Lublin.
In this document, in 1856, the birth of Aron-Shmul Goldfarb, the son of Moshko and Dvoyra Goldfarb, 29 years old, was recorded in the city of Lublin.

Family of Aron-Shmul Moshkovich Goldfarb (1856) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Itskhak, Aron branch)

State Archives of the city of Lublin.
In this document, on January 16, 1881, an entry was made on the marriage of Shmul-Aron Goldfarb, 24 years old (born 1857), with Khana Shtuzman, 18 years old (born 1863), in the city of Lublin. Shmul-Aron was recorded as the son of Moshek and Dvoyra Goldfarb.

State Archives of the city of Lublin.
In these documents, in 1896, 1897, the birth and death of Abram-Moses Goldfarb, son of Aron-Shmul and Khana Goldfarb, was recorded in the city of Lublin.

State Archives of the city of Lublin.
In these documents in 1888, 1898 a record was made about the birth and death of Leib Goldfarb, the son of Aron-Shmul and Khana Goldfarb, in the city of Lublin.

State Archives of the city of Lublin.
In this document dated May 5, 1882, the birth of Malka-Lea, daughter of Aron-Shmul and Khana Goldfarb, in the city of Lublin was recorded.

State Archives of the city of Lublin.
In this document, dated November 2, 1886, the birth of Sura Rivka, the daughter of Aron-Shmul Goldfarb, 29 years old (born 1857) fisherman by profession, and Khana Goldfarb, 21 years old (1865 born), was recorded in city of Lublin.

Mordko Branch (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Itskhak)

Family of Mordko Itskovich Goldfarb (~1765) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Itskhak, Mordko branch)

State Archives of the city of Siedlce, Fund 234.
In this document in 1830 an entry was made about the marriage of Meer Goldfarb, with Dina-Roza Smukler, in the town of Wegdow. Meer is recorded as the son of Mordko and Feyga Goldfarb, Mordko is recorded as the son of Itsko.

In another document in 1850 an entry was made about the death of Feyga Goldfarb (80 years old), in the town of Wegdow. Feyga is recorded as the wife of Mordko Goldfarb.

Family of Meer Mordkovich Goldfarb (~1780) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Itskhak, Mordko branch)

Family of Moshek Meerovich Goldfarb (1827) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Itskhak, Mordko branch)

State Archive of the city of Lublin.
The census of the inhabitants of Lublin in 1839.
In this document in 1839 a record was made of the family of Moshek Meerovich Goldfarb, who lives in the city of Lublin.
Where is mentioned
father: Meer
mother: Ruchla
wife: Dvoira
daughter: Khana-Maria

State Archive of the city of Lublin.
The census of the inhabitants of Lublin in 1839.
In this document in 1839 a record was made of the family of Shmul Moshkovich Goldfarb, who lives in the city of Lublin.
Where is mentioned
father: Moshko
mother: Dvoira

Family of Mordko Kelmanovich Goldfarb (1814) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Itskhak, Mordko branch)

State Archive of the city of Lublin.
The census of the inhabitants of Lublin in 1839.
In this document in 1839 a record was made of the family of Mordko Kelmanovich Goldfarb, who lives in the city of Lublin.
Where is mentioned
father: Kelman
mother: Itta
wife: Etla
son: Kelman-Gersh
daughter: Khaya-Sura

State Archives of the city of Lublin.
In this document in 1838, the birth of Kelman-Gersh, the son of Mordko Goldfarb, 28 years old (born in 1810) , and Etla Goldfarb, 20 years old (1818 born), was recorded in city of Lublin.

State Archives of the city of Lublin.
In this document in 1839, the death of Kelman-Gersh, the son of Mordko Goldfarb, 29 years old (born in 1810) kupets, , was recorded in city of Lublin.

State Archive of the city of Lublin.
The census of the inhabitants of Lublin in 1839.
In this document in 1839 a record was made of the family of Genedla Mortkovich Goldfarb, who lives in the city of Lublin.
Where is mentioned
father: Mordko
mother: Etla

State Archive of the city of Lublin.
The census of the inhabitants of Lublin in 1839.
In this document in 1839 a record was made of the family of Khana-Malka Mortkovna Goldfarb, who lives in the city of Lublin.
Where is mentioned
father: Mordko
mother: Etla

Yankel Branch (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Itskhak)

Revision Tale of 1795 of Zhytomyr's Uezd.

- Foundation 118 Inventory 14 Case 337.
Revisionian tales of the Jews of Zhytomyr and Chudnovsky counties and various classes of Volyn province. 1795
This document from 1795 includes the family of our relative, Yankel Itskovich, 60 years old (born 1735), who had a wife Rivka, 50 years old (1745 born), among male Jews.

Aron sub-Branch (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Itskhak, Yankel branch)

Family of Aron Yankelevich Goldfarb (1770) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Itskhak, Yankel branch)

- Fund 118 Inventory 14 Case 337.
Revisionian tales of the Jews of Zhytomyr and Chudnovsky counties and various classes of Volyn province. 1795.
In this document dated September 16, 1795, the family of our relative Ortsio (Aron) Yankelevich, 32 years old (born 1763), who had a wife, Lana, 29 years old (1766 born), appears among the male Jews.
they have children:
son - Berko, 3 years old (born 1792)
daughter - Ginda, 12 years old (1783)

There is a possibility that Berko (born in 1792) had a son Abram, and therefore we assume that Berko Avramovich Goldfarb was his (Berko's) grandson.

Family of Berko Yankelevich Goldfarb (1792) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Itskhak, Yankel branch)

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 556.
Alphabet of the Metric books of the Zhytomyr synagogue. Death. 1847-1874 years.
In this document, dated August 17, 1866, a record was made of the death of our relative, Berko Goldfarb (70 years old, Born 1796).
In this document, dated August 22, 1866, a record was made of the death of our relative, Khava Goldfarb (35 years old, Born 1831).

Ат the Jewish cemetery of Zhytomyr is the grave of Berko Abramovich Goldfarb (1870-1929), most likely the son of Abram Berkovich Goldfarb, as well as the grave of his daughter Shiva (1897-1968) and the son of Jacob (1908-1969)

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 690.
Alphabet of metric books of the Jews of Zhytomyr Divorce. 1860-1914.
In this document, in 1881, the family of our relative, Borukh Abramovich Goldfarb (25 years old, born in 1856) appears, who divorce Zelda (25 years old, born in 1856).

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 558.
Alphabet of the Metric books of the Zhytomyr synagogue. Death. 1880-1900 years.
In this document of 1882, a record was made of the death of our relative, Moyshe Boruhovich Goldfarb (? Born).
Where is his father Borukh Goldfarb mentioned.

We assume that Aron Yankelevich had a son, Jacob, born around 1800.

Family of Yankel(Jacob) Aronovich Goldfarb (~1800) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Itskhak, Yankel branch)

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 690.
Alphabet of metric books of the Jews of Zhytomyr Divorce. 1860-1914.
In this document, in 1877, the family of our relative, Beril Yakovlevich Goldfarb appears, who divorce Idesa.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 555.
Alphabet of metric books of the Jews of Zhytomyr Divorce. 1850-1895.
In this document, dated July 20, 1857, the family of our relative, Shaya Yankelevich Goldfarb (32 years old, born in 1825) appears, who divorce Zelda Ruvinovna (20 years old, born in 1837)

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 555.
Alphabet of metric books of the Jews of Zhytomyr Divorce. 1850-1895.
In this document, dated January 22, 1856, the family of our relative, Shaya Yankelevich Goldfarb (34 years old, born in 1822) appears, who divorce Enta-Perel (27 years old, born in 1829)

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 36.
The metric book of the synagogue of Zhytomyr. Marriage. 1861 year. (49 p.)
In this document, dated January 6, 1861, the family of our relative, Yeshay Yakovlevich Goldfarb (born in 1825) appears, who married Khasia Itskovna Melomed (born in 1838)

Family of Elkhun Volfovich Goldfarb (~1800) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Itskhak, Yankel branch)

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 556.
Alphabet of the Metric books of the Zhytomyr synagogue. Death. 1847-1874 years.
In this document of 1857, a record was made of the death of our relative, Elkhun Volfovich Goldfarb (40 years old, Born 1817 ).

Revisionian Tale of 1811, Zhytomyr Uezda(county)

Revisionian Tale of 1811, Volyn Province of the City of Zhytomyr about the male Merchants, Guild tradesman's, and Petty Bourgeois.

Revisionian Tale of 1811, Volyn Province of Zhytomyr povet The town of Chernyakhov about Petty Bourgeois Jews.

- Fund 118 Inventory 14 Case 24, No. 67.
Revisionian Tale of 1811, Volyn Province of the City of Zhytomyr about the male Merchants, Guild tradesman's, and Petty Bourgeois. (645p.)
In this document dated December 30, 1811, the family of our relative Aron Yankelevich Goltfarb (Goldfarb) appears among the male Jews.
Age 41 years old, b. in 1770
His brother (a mistake must have been made here - this is his son): Avrum, age 24 years old, b. in 1787

Family of Abramko Aronovich Goldfarb (1787-1841) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Itskhak, Yankel branch)

- Fund 118 Inventory 14 Case 53, No. 214.
Revision Tale of 1850, Volyn Province of the City of Zhytomyr about Bourgeois Jews. (1045 p.)
In this document dated October 25, 1850, the family of our relative Aaron Yankelevich Goldfarb (Goldfarb) appears among the male Jews.
Born in 1770, died in 1836
Aron's son of Abramco:
Born in 1787, died in 1841.

Family of Itsko Avrumovich Goldfarb (1797-1868) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Itskhak, Yankel branch)

- Fund 12 Inventory 3 Case 593.
A census of male Jews of 1875 and 1858 in the city of Tarashcha and Koshevataya town. 578 p.
In this document dated May 16, 1858, the family of our relative, Itsko Avrumovich Goldfarb, appears among Jewish male merchants.
Age 61 years old, b. in 1797.
His son: Shloma, age 33 years old, b. in 1825
Shloma Itzkowitz’s sons:
El, age 14 years old, b. in 1844,
Yos, age 7 years old, b. in 1851.

- Fund 1162 Inventory 1 Case 3a.
Metric books Zhivotovskoye, Zhashkovskoye, Stavishanskoye, Tetievskoye, Koshevatskoye societies, the city of Tarashcha, m. Pyatigory, m. Khodorov. 1845-1853 years. (1143 p.)
In this document dated October 1848, among the male Jewish merchants, is the family of our relative, Shlema Itskovich Goldfarb, where the birth record of his daughter was recorded name ?, and his wife Rivka Shlemovna is mentioned.

- Fund 1162 Inventory 1 Case 3a.
Metric books Zhivotovskoye, Zhashkovskoye, Stavishanskoye, Tetievskoye, Koshevatskoye societies, the city of Tarashcha, m. Pyatigory, m. Khodorov. 1845-1853 years. (1143 p.)
In this document dated October 1848, among the male Jewish merchants, is the family of our relative, Shlema Itskovich Goldfarb, where the birth record of his son Yos was recorded, and his wife Rivka Shlemovna is mentioned.

- Fund 12 Inventory 3 Case 593.
A census of male Jews of 1875 and 1858 in the city of Tarashcha and Koshevataya town. 578 p.
In this document, dated April 23, 1875, the family of our relative Itsko Avrumovich Goldfarb appears among Jewish male merchants.
Age 77 years, p. in 1797 in the column “reasons for absence” an entry was made: he died in 1868.
His son: The Shloma, 49 years old, b. in 1824
Shloma Itskowitz’s sons:
El, age 30 years, b. in 1845,
Yos, age 23, b. in 1852
Yos's children:
Chaim Yankel, age 3 years old, b. in 1872,
Shloma grandchildren:
Avrum, age? ,
Itsel El, age? .

We assume that Khaim-Yankel Yosevich Goldfarb had a son Abraham Khaimovich Goldfarb born in 1900

- Fund 504, Inventory 35, Case 5.
Verification of commercial and industrial institutions of Radomyshl, Tarashchansky and Chigirinsky districts of the Kiev region. 1880. (167 p.)
In this document, dated September 18-19, 1880, among the male Jews, the family of our relative Shlema Goldfarb appears, where it is recorded by the Merchant of the 2nd Guild and the owner of two Shops and a store in which his son Yos and wife Rivka trade.

- Fund 504, Inventory 35, Case 83.
Verification magazine of commercial and industrial institutions in the Tarashchansky district. 1893 year. (423 p.)
In this document of 1893, among the male Jews, the family of our relative Yos Goldfarb appears, where he was recorded as a Merchant of the 2nd Guild and the owner of the Rensky cellar *, the Grocery store and the Manufactory store, and where his wife Briana and two clerks are mentioned.

* Rensky cellar - in the Russian Empire, a store selling alcoholic drinks.
Originally intended for trade in foreign wines (the word "Rensky" comes from Rhine wines, but over time it was allowed to sell all kinds of alcoholic beverages, including beer, porter and honey. Unlike many other drinking establishments (taverns, wine and bucket shops) etc.) Rensky cellars had the right to sell not only Russian but also foreign drinks. Rensky cellars could sell strong drinks in an amount of no more than three buckets (about 37 liters), with the exception of grape wines, for which there were no restrictions In the city's Rensky cellars, alcohol was spilled on the same grounds as in bucket shops.
According to the laws of the 1830s, Rensky cellars were not taxed, however, for the sale of domestic vodkas it was necessary to obtain a certificate from the Treasury.
Control over the work of the Rensky cellars was carried out by officials sent with an audit by the Treasury.

1913 Business catalog of Tarashcha

As can be seen from the business catalog of 1913, Goldfarbs, as merchants, were in the manufacturing and forestry businesses, as well as owned the # 38 Brewery.

- Fund 504 Inventory 40 Case 67.
The list of tax payers with trading enterprises of the city of Tarashcha 1913 year
In this document from 1913, the family of our relative Yos Shlomovich Goldfarb appears among male Jews, where he was recorded by the owner of a brewery in Tarashcha with a turnover of 25,000 rubles, two stores of manufactory goods in Tarashcha with a turnover of 35,000 rubles.

His son: Khaim-Yankel Yosevich Goldfarb, recorded as the owner of a forest warehouse in Tarashcha with a turnover of 15,000 rubles.

Elections of authorized representatives from the city congresses of the Tarashchansky district of the Kiev province to the 4th State Duma. 1912 year.
State Archive of the Kiev region. Fund 71, inventory 1, case 2.

Pogroms in Tarashcha in 1919.

SLAUGHTER OF JEWS IN THE UKRAINE
Elias Heifetz, Yu.D.
NEW YORK
THOMAS SELZER
1921

TARASCHA (GOVERNMENT OP KIEV)
Testimony of Goldfarb, written in Kiev, June 27, 1919
Tarascha is a cantonal capital of 20,000 inhabitants, of which 7,500 are Jews (500 families), 22 versts from the railroad at Olshanitz. The city was not rich; for instance at Passover 30,000 rubles were distributed to the poor. The relations with the local bourgeoisie were peaceful but they were, of course, anti-Semitic. In November, 1918, the region of Tarascha was the starting point of the uprising against the Hetman. On June 16, 1919, the city experienced its fifth pogrom. They were caused by the band of Yatzenko, a native of the village of Kerdan, three versts from Tarascha. All around are vast, thick pine forests, where it is easy to hide. Yatzenko is 24 years old and completed the course of the two-class school in Tarascha. In March he declared himself for Petlura and immediately started an anti-Semitic agitation, saying that "the Jews are all communists, they defile our sacred edifices, turn them into stables." In the Executive Committee of Tarascha were many Jews, all local. The Extraordinary Committee had

280 SLAUGHTER OF JEWS IN THE UKRAINE
shot six local counter-revolutionaries not long before the June pogrom. Although there was not a single Jew in it (the Extraordinary Committee), the gang spread the report abroad that they had been killed by Jews, their tongues and ears cut off, etc., and that for these six slain, six thousand Jews ought to be demanded. When the city was taken they ordered the bodies disinterred. This band, beginning in March, several times broke into the city and perpetrated pogroms, but they were comparatively trifling and were limited to pillaging and extortions. In May it was driven out by a Soviet detachment, after which the Soviet regime lasted about a month in Tarascha. But in the middle of June the band again approached the city in larger numbers (about 800 men). The garrison numbered not more than a hundred men and therefore withdrew. The band seized the town. It consisted of Yatzenko's men and some remnants of Grigorievists under Col. Nechai. Immediately plundering began and devastation, which lasted two days. The local bourgeoisie took no active part in this pillaging. A contribution of a million rubles was levied on the Jewish population. They succeeded in getting 300,000, and -announced that if the rest were not furnished they would massacre everybody, At this point the sixth Soviet regiment arrived and the band departed. The Soviet regiment put a stop to the plundering of the city. All the shops were smashed and plundered. The losses were more than ten millions. Two persons were killed. Approximately on June 20 the rumor went around that the "villagers" ("village- workers") were again attacking the city. The Soviet regiment withdrew, and with it departed almost the whole Jewish population. Four thousand Jews went to the town of Rakitnoe. The rumor proved untrue, but not more than fifteen Jewish families remained in the city.

Pogrom victims in Tarashche, 1919

We assume that Khaim Yosevich Goldfarb had a son, Abraham Haimovich Goldfarb, born in 1900.

Avraam Efimovich (Khaimovich) Zlatotsvetov (Goldfarb) (1900 -1970)
http://komkory.ru/%d0%b7%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%be%d1%86%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%82%d0%be%d0%b2-%d0%b0%d0%b2%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b0%d0%bc-%d0%b5%d1%84%d0%b8%d0%bc%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b8%d1%87/

Zlatotsvetov Avraam Efimovich, Lieutenant General of Aviation, was born on September 11, 1900, in the city of Tarashcha, the district center of the Kiev province; died on August 7, 1970, in the city of Kuibyshev. Jew.
In the Red Army since April 1920. He graduated from the Egorievsky Theoretical School of the Red Air Fleet (1923), Moscow Higher School of Red-Military pilots (1925).
During the Civil War, from April 1920, Zlatotsvetov Avraham Efimovich served in the communications battalion of the 12th Army, as a Red Army soldier, and since August, as a political instructor of the 219th Infantry Regiment as part of the 25th Infantry Division of the same army, from January 1921 - head of the club of the 217th Infantry Regiment, then assistant to the head of the design group of the division.
He fought on the South-Western and Western fronts, participated in the Soviet-Polish war of 1920 on the Kiev and Kovel routes, then on the river The Western Buh, in October 1920 - April 1921, fought with the armed forces of General S.N. Bulak-Balakhovich in Belarus.
After the war since February 1922 A.E. Zlatotsvetov was the secretary of the military commissar of the 7th Starozhilovsky cavalry courses of MVO, then in September he was sent to study at the Egorievsky theoretical school of the Red Army Air Fleet.

Upon graduation in August 1923 he was sent for registration at the 1st Military School for Pilots named after A.F. Myasnikov in the village of Kacha. From June 1924, he was a student of the Moscow Higher School of Red-Military pilots, after which in May 1925 he was appointed a military pilot in the 6th reconnaissance aviation unit in Moscow.
Since January 1926, he served in the 2nd Military School of Pilots in the Moscow Military District and the Higher Military District, as a pilot instructor and senior pilot instructor, aviation commander, and aviation detachment commander. Since November 1930, the commander and commissar of the 43rd aviation detachment (from June 1932 - the 43rd air squadron) in the BVI, since October 1935 - the commander and commissar of the 10th high-speed bomber squadron of the same district. Participated the war in Spain 1936-1939, awarded the Order of Lenin and the Red Banner.
From October 1937, deputy head of the Office of Universities of the Air Force of the Red Army, from November 1938 - deputy chairman of the Central Council of OSOAVIAHIM on aviation. From April 1940, he was the head of the Military Aviation Pilot School in Voroshilovgrad, and from January 1941, he was deputy commander of the HVO Air Force for universities.
Since the beginning of World War II, A.E. Zlatotsvetov, commander of the Air Force of the KhVO, since September 1941, has commanded the Air Force of the 38th Army of the Southwestern Front. Participated in battles in the area of the cities of Volchansk and Balakliya, in the Donbass operation. In the combat characteristics of this period, it was noted that A.E. Zlatotsvetov “proved himself to be a highly authoritative, competent commander. Has the ability to deeply analyze the situation, speed of orientation and sobriety of judgment. "
Since July 1942, he was deputy commander of the Air Force of the Transcaucasian Front, in this position he participated in the battle for the Caucasus. From October of the same year, the deputy commander of the 15th Air Army, from November, the deputy commander of the 17th Air Army of the Southwestern and Voronezh Fronts, took part in the Battle of Stalingrad, Kursk and the Battle of the Dnieper.
During the battles, “Zlatotsvetov did a great job of preparing units and formations for military operations ... successfully organized the interaction of aviation with ground forces” (from the combat characteristics).
Since July 1944, A.E. Zlatotsvetov, as a commander of the 1st Guards Mixed Aviation Corps on the 1st Ukrainian Front, participated in the Lviv-Sandomierz operation. From September, he was again a deputy commander of the 17th Air Army, which participated in the liberation operations of Yugoslavia and Hungary.
In October 1944, he was at the Headquarters of the Supreme Command of the Yugoslav Army to coordinate the actions of Soviet and Yugoslav aviation. In March 1945, he skillfully coordinated the actions of attack and bomber aircrafts with ground forces in the course of repulsing an enemy counterattack in the area of Lake Balaton.
After the war, from April 1946, Zlatotsvetov Avraam Efimovich was deputy commander of the 16th Air Army. Since June 1947, he was at the disposal of the Air Force Commander-in-Chief, then in February 1948 he was appointed Head of the Combat Training Division, he was also the Deputy Chief of Staff of the TavVO Air Force, and from June of the same year, he was Head of the Combat Training Division of the Air Force PriVO headquarters. Since April 1953 in reserve.
He was awarded 2 Orders of Lenin, 4 Orders of the Red Banner, Orders of Suvorov 2nd degree, Kutuzov 2nd degree, Bogdan Khmelnitsky 2nd degree, Red Star, and medals.

How Goldfarb became Zlatotsvetov
http://evreimir.com/151853/kak-goldfarb-zlatotsvetovym-stal/

“Comrade flies to a distant land
Native winds fly after him ... "

These are words from the song in the movie "Fighters", a cult in the 30s of the last century. Mark Bernes sang a song and performed the main role. He played a pilot who fought in Spain. At that time, a great many Soviet commanders of all military branches fought in Spain. As well as pilots - fighters and bombers. The Republicans who fought with the Franco were not military professionals. But the Franco-were. So they sent to Spain professionals of all military branches by order of Stalin.
They formed the republican army, which lasted more than two years against the Franco, German and Italian units. Naturally, they were not volunteers. The best ones were selected. And among them ...
Bernes portrayed such a volunteer - a Russian handsome blond. Who would have known in those days that he was not even Mark. At birth he was named Menachem, with the surname Neumann. It seems, that as it happened, the role of Bernes completely coincided with the real fighter. Yes, but how! Hemingway wrote about him: “What a force! What a fury! People like General Douglas fight like knights in legends! ”
But there was this knight brigade commander Smushkevich, whom his father named Yankel at birth. The legendary fighter pilot. He, like others, was “renamed” before leaving for Spain. They called him Douglas. He created the republican fighter aircraft. And he shot down 15 aircrafts, German and Italian. And Yakov Vladimirovich (not Yankel Vulfovich) became a Hero of the Soviet Union. One of the first!
The Spanish bombers were commanded by another Soviet commander, also a Jew "renamed". Name-surname was simply translated into Russian, and the commander of the bomber air squadron Avraam Goldfarb became Adam Zlatotsvetov.
In the fall of 1936, his squadron, equipped with the latest Soviet high-speed SB-type bombers, very successfully operated in Spain, and the Franco fighters were inferior to its planes in speed. There are cases when, thanks to their flight tactical data, Zlatotsvetov’s bombers themselves acted as fighters, intercepting groups of enemy bombers.
It seems that it is worth telling more about this commander, a Jew, with the Russian surname that remained with him after Spain, for the rest of his life. He was born in Ukraine in the fall of 1900, studied in a cheder for four years. During the Civil war he became a Red Army soldier. In 1920, he fought on the Southwestern and Western fronts, participated in the Soviet-Polish war in the Kiev and Kovel directions. Oddly enough, he was a cavalryman, with a Jewish education! And - that's not strange at all - every minute Abraham would read when free from service. (You know, in the same way I got a relatively strong education. Therefore, I consider reading sacred. Which today ... alas.)
Goldfarb served after the Civil War at the headquarters of the cavalry courses. And he galloped on a horse, and chopped down with his sword, and acted with a three-meter peak. But the Jew dreamed of becoming a pilot. And when the order came in September 1922, he persevered and was sent to study at the Egorievsky Theoretical School of the Red Air Fleet. After completing theoretical training, in August 1923 he arrived at the 1st Military Pilot School named after A.F. Myasnikov. He continued his studies in 1924 at the Moscow Higher School of Red Military Pilots, after which in May 1925 he was assigned to a separate reconnaissance aviation unit. He served as an ordinary pilot for five years and in 1930 was appointed commander of an aviation bomber squadron in the Belarusian Military District. In a couple of years, Commander Abraham Goldfarb made his squadron one of the best not only in the district, but also in bomber aviation in general. And when there was a need to test in practice a new high-speed SB bomber, the squadron commanded by Goldfarb was selected.
It must be said that in the mid-60s the SB aircraft was a really high-speed machine, surpassing many fighters in speed. And not only Soviet ones. At the same time, the planes that rolled off the assembly line in the early 30s were “raw”, and the number of accidents went off scale. And Goldfarb's squadron was among the first to fly regularly on the SB. Most likely, that’s why he was chosen when they began to form units of “volunteers” for sending to Spain, where in the second half of 1936 a rebellion broke out in the regular forces against the republican government. As a result, the government was left without the army, aviation and navy. Soviet "volunteers" helped with the formation of new armed forces, and replaced them at the first stage.
Here is the Goldfarb Commander: he trained the Spaniards to fly Soviet bombers and taught how to fight, planned military operations and fought himself. And not only bombed, but also shot down enemy planes. 5 planes were shot down, including German and Italian. In Spain, Abraham fought for about a year. And on his return in October 1937, he was promoted to commander of the brigade. This title was then considered to be general’s. Well, what the Republicans did not win is not his fault. It is curious, however, that in the decrees on the awarding of orders and in the order on conferring the title there was someone else's surname - Zlatotsvetov. And the name with patronymic name: Abraham Efimovich. What would that mean? It meant - the name was born from the renaming of the "volunteer" contingent sent to Spain. Here the personnel officers were refined to the fullest. And the commander Stern became "General Grigorovich", brigade commander Smushkevich - "General Douglas." And Commander Goldfarb’s name was simply translated from Jewish. It turned out Zlatotsvetov. Yes, the name stayed. They did not translate it back. Maybe for next case. But he was not accustomed to argue , he said thank you that the name and middle name was saved.
From the squadron commander he was immediately promoted to brigade commander and become the head of the Voroshilovgrvds pilots military school. Rise through many ranks! Which is not surprising, given what year at that time was - the 1938th, fatal! Ranks, posts and heads rolled like billiard balls. Abraham tried to give a hint about the secret dream - they say, to learn. And to him - this is not the time ... You fly gloriously, the rest - study on halt. Here Gorky studied so and became a great writer!
But not the writer met the brigade commander Zlatotsvetov, the damned 1941, but the deputy commander of the Air Force of the Kharkov Military District. When the district plunged into the flames of battle - Zlatotsvetov already commanded his air division. He becomes a major general and, until the end of World War II, is one of its commanders.
Here I would like to stop my story and, as clear as possible, explain the significance of this commander’s high rank. In order not to confuse you with quite worthy terms, the commander and commander. So…
The overwhelming majority of historians and theorists of military art define the concept of “commander” as a military leader skillfully leading the state’s armed forces or large military units during the war, mastering the art of preparing and conducting battles. This concept includes persons with talent, creative thinking, intuition, the ability to anticipate the development of military events, will, determination and fearlessness, rich combat experience, high organizational abilities and other qualities that allow the most efficient use of all available forces and means to achieve victory.
In the twentieth century, the ability to wisely and courageously lead large masses of fighters was supplemented by knowledge of the capabilities of military and transport equipment, the masterly skill of using its properties and capabilities in all natural elements: on earth, in the ocean and in the air.
I add one more to the stated requirements, for my story - the necessary: we can talk about commanders only of Jewish origin. It is about them, undeservedly forgotten, rejected by military historians, that I lead my search and am happy when they succeed, and a new, previously unknown Jewish commander appears out of oblivion. And these include, first of all, the Jews who led thousands of planes in battles.
Well, my reader, stir your memory, name at least one such! Tell us about his military wisdom, skill in air battles! But do not know if - read, remember and tell, be sure to tell your children and grandchildren. Yes there! Tell everyone, everyone! With great pride! Because if not you - who will do it? Who knows about this? Yes, not about one general Zlatotsvetov - how shamefully disguised Avram Goldfarb.
I already mentioned the great pilot - the commander, twice Hero of the Soviet Union Yakov Vladimirovich (and rightly - Yankele Vulfovich) Smushkevich. It’s not so difficult to imagine what he would have done in the air if ... If executioners in caps with a blue bandage hadn’t shot the legendary commander, an invincible ace. The execution took place at the end of October 1941, when the Germans were near Moscow. They were there also because Soviet aircraft were commanded by untalented ignoramuses. And those who knew how to command were killed in the basement of the Kuibyshev prison.
... The Luftwaffe magazine, the official body of Hitler’s German Air Force, wrote about this: “The circumstances were so favorable that General Douglas was not participating in the current war, he was removed by Stalin, and this is equivalent to at least defeating five Soviet air divisions ...” . Evaluation of the enemy, they say, the highest rating ... How insulting. The great pilot and commander would crumble the Fritz.
...
I will return, however, to Lieutenant General Abraham Zlatotsvetov (Goldfarb). He since June 1941 was alternately deputy commander of the 15th and 17th air armies, commander of the 1st Guards air corps. And since October 1944, he became a representative of the Supreme Command in the army of Tito. Coordinated the interaction of our air forces with the Yugoslav troops until the very end of the war. He went into reserve in 1953.
I think, however, few of the residents of Kuybyshev, where he lived and died after 17 years, knew what kind of commander in the great war this elderly Jew was. Is he a Jew, if he is Zlatotsvetov?
Mark STEINBERG

(L-R): Beyla Teplitskaya Savranskaya with her daughter Mirl, daughter-in-law Firma Projector (source: Stella Berestetskaya)

From the memoirs of Stella Berestetskaya:
“...
I had relatives - Goldfarb brothers, Abram and Mikhail (most likely, the Russified Jewish name?) Efimovichi (maybe Khaimomichi?). Place of birth - Tarashcha. Abram was born in 1900.
Mikhail Efimovich (so we called him) had a wife Gusta Isaevna and son Mika. I knew them from Kiev.
...
The Goldfarb brothers are the cousins or second cousins of my grandmother Beyla Teplitskaya.
During the pogroms in Tarashche, her sister aunt Khana, who lived in Kiev, settled her grandmother with her family in her Kiev apartment.
There she also settled Mikhail Efimovich Goldfarb. Hence the information, most likely they were not very distantly related. Perhaps Malka’s grandmother’s mother was Goldfarb before her marriage.
When the war started, my relatives were going to stay in Kiev - Stalin did not warn about what would happen to the Jews. Zlatotsvetov (then still Goldfarb) came for his relatives and "scolded" grandmother, who remembered the good attitude of Germans to Jews in the First World War.
Grandmother, with her whole large family, managed with great adventure and difficulty to escape from Kiev to evacuate. They left last tier. All who remained died.
...
About General Zlatotsvetov - Stalin personally approved lists of awards of senior ranks and lists of promotion to higher ranks.
On the list, Stalin saw the name Goldfarb. Obviously he did not like this last name. He asked it to be translated into Russian, and having learned that this means a golden color, he remade it into Old Slavonic - Zlatotsvetov.
He also did not like the name of RUSSIAN General Zhidov - he remade it into Zhadov.
I do not know whether it is possible to fully believe this story. General Sverdlov F. D. told it to my brother
(he wrote a book about Jewish generals), whom General Mihlis, who was present when making these decisions, told it.
Chaim Ber Teplitsky (father of Beila Teplitsky), I was told that he was from Poland.
Perhaps his wife and mother of my grandmother Malka was Goldfarb. Or maybe sister Chaim Bera married Chaim Goldfarb.
I am trying to get documents from the military archive. Maybe something will come to light.
I tried to find Mika Goldfarb. He is probably about 70 years old. No results yet.
... "

Avrum sub-Branch (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Itskhak, Yankel branch)

Family of Avrum Yankelevich Goldfarb (1779) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Itskhak, Yankel branch)

- Fund 118 Inventory 14 Case 24, No. 9.
Revisionian Tale of 1811, Volyn Province of the City of Zhytomyr about the male Merchants, Guild tradesman's, and Petty Bourgeois. (645p.)
In this document dated December 30, 1811, the family of our relative, Avrum Yankelevich Golfarb (Goldfarb), appears among male Jews.
Age 32 years old, b. in 1779

Family of Itsko Abramovich Goldfarb (1811-1841) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Itschak, Yankel branch)

- Fund 118 Inventory 14 Case 53, No. 149.
Revision Tale of 1850, Volyn Province of the City of Zhytomyr about Bourgeois Jews. (1045 p.)
In this document dated October 30, 1850, the family of our relative Itsko Abramovich Goldfarb (Goldfarb) appears among the male Jews.
23 years old, revision 1834, b. in 1811, died in 1841
Itsko's brother:
Boruch, age 37 years, b. in 1813
Boruch's 1st son: Yankel, age 11 years, b. in 1839
Boruch's 2nd son:
Abram-Itsko, age 7 years, b. in 1843,

Among the Jewish women figures
Boruch's wife - Freda Meerova , age 37 years, b. in 1813
Boruch's daughter:
Esther Sheidlya, age 14 years, b. in 1836

Itsko Abramovich probably had a son Mordko Goldfarb.

Family of Itsko Mordkovich Goldfarb (~ 1855) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Itskhak, Yankel branch)

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 460.
The metric book of the synagogue of Zhytomyr. Birth. 1872-1874 years. (455 p.)
In this document of October 12, 1874, the family of our relative, Itsko Mordkovich Goldfarb (born ?), appears among male Jews, whose son Mordko was born in the city of Zhytomyr,
mother - Reizel Yankelevna.

Family of Mordko Avrumovich Goldfarb (1875) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Itskhak, Yankel branch)

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 648.
The metric book of the synagogue of Zhytomyr. Marriage. 1897-1898 years. (268 p.)
In this document dated May 26, 1898, the family of our relative Mordko Avrumovich Goldfarb (born 1875), appears among male Jews, who married the Cherniahov bourgeois Mariam Zelmanov Radzilovich (born in 1878).

Family of Avram-Itsko Itsko-Leibovih Goldfarb ( 1847-1895) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Itskhak, Yankel branch)

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 462.
Metric book of Zhytomyr synagogue. Birth. 1877-1879_years 660 p.
In this document, dated April 10, 1877, the family of our relative Abram-Itsko Leibovich Goldfarb, whose son Ber was born, appears among the male Jews.
Mother - Reiza Yankelevna.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 557.
Alphabet of the Metric books of the Zhytomyr synagogue. Death. 1875-1883 years.
In this document, dated July 7, 1879, a record was made of the death of our relative, Ber Abram-Itskovich Goldfarb (2 years old, born 1877).
Father Abram-Itsko Goldfarb.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 524.
Metric book of Zhytomyr synagogue. Marriage. 1889-1894 years. 784 p.
In this document, dated February 24, 1894, the family of our relative Rivka Avruma-Itskovo Goldfarb (b. 1875), who married Lutsk's petty bourgeoisie Mendel Shmul-Yosifovich Chilnik (b. 1872), appears among female Jews, as a bribe.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 648.
Metric book of Zhytomyr synagogue. Marriage. 1897-1898_years. 268 p.
In this document dated February 9, 1898, the family of our relative, Khaya Avrum-Itskova Goldfarb (born in 1880), who married Chernyakhovsky's petty bourgeoisie Itko Bentsionovich Axelrud (1874), appears among the female Jews.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 557.
Alphabet of the Metric books of the Zhytomyr synagogue. Death. 1875-1883 years.
In this document, dated February 18, 1877, a record was made of the death of our relative, Shifra Abram-Itskovna Goldfarb (6 years old, Born 1881).
Father Abram-Itsko Leibovich Goldfarb.

Family of Yos Avrumovich Goldfarb (1839-1908) (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Itskhak, Yankel branch)

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 36.
Metric book of Zhytomyr synagogue. Marriage. 1861 49 p.
In this document dated May 19, 1861, the family of our relative Yosif Avrumovich Goldfarb (born 1839), who married Perla Chaimovna Solodko (1841 born), appears among the male Jews.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 462.
Metric book of Zhytomyr synagogue. Birth. 1877-1879_years 660 p.
In this document dated November 16, 1878, the family of our relative Yos Avrumovich Goldfarb, appears among male Jews, where was recorded the birth of his son Khaim .
Mother - Perel Haimovna.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 462.
Metric book of Zhytomyr synagogue. Birth. 1877-1879_years 660 p.
In this document dated November 16, 1878, the family of our relative Yos Avrumovich Goldfarb, is among the male Jews, whose daughter Basya was born, .
Mother - Perel Haimovna.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 463.
Metric book of Zhytomyr synagogue. Birth. 1880-1882 years. 532 p.
In this document, dated May 19, 1880, the family of our relative Yos Avrumovich Goldfarb, is among the male Jews, whose daughter Khanya was born.
Mother - Perel Haimovna.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 475.
Metric book of Zhytomyr synagogue. Marriage. 1876-1883 years. 593 p.
In this document dated October 29, 1881, the family of our relative Rukhla-Leya Yosifovna Goldfarb (born 1861), appears among the female Jews, who married Ovruchesky petty bourgeois Menakh Leybovich Raizbarg (born 1857).

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 524.
Metric book of Zhytomyr synagogue. Marriage. 1889-1894 years. 784 p.
In this document dated February 18, 1891, the family of our relative Feiga Josifovna Goldfarb (b. 1870) appears among the female Jews; who married Korostyshevsky petty bourgeois Berko Moshkovich Kruchynetsky (born 1864) who was discharged to the reserve from the army.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 524.
Metric book of Zhytomyr synagogue. Marriage. 1889-1894 years. 78 4p.
In this document, dated March 10, 1894, the family of our relative, Elka Yosifovna Goldfarb (b. 1869), appears among the female Jews, who married Berdichev petty bourgeois Mendelekovich Royzen (1867).

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 547 and 548.
Alphabetical lists of birth records of the Zhytomyr synagogue. 1873-1878 and 1875-1882.
In these documents in 1875, the birth of our relative, Makhlya-Shpritsy Goldfarb, is mentioned.
Parents:
Father - Yos Abramovich Goldfarb
Mother - Perlya Haimovna

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 556.
Alphabet of the Metric books of the Zhytomyr synagogue. Death. 1847-1874 years.
In this document, dated June 1, 1872, a record was made of the death of our relative, Mihlia Yosevaa Goldfarb (1 years old, born 1771).

Family of Nukhim-Shmul Yosifovich Goldfarb (1880) son of Yosif Avrumovich (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Itskhak, Yankel branch)

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 606.
The metric book of the synagogue of Novograd-Volynsk. Birth. 1905,1907,1908 years. (350 p.)
In this document, dated December 15, 1907, the family of our relative Shmul-Nukhim Yosevich Goldfarb (born ?) appears among male Jews, who had a son, Nekhemia-Ber, in the city of Novograd-Volynsk, mother of Sura-Khaya Simhova.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 654.
Metric book of Zhytomyr synagogue. Marriage. 1913-1916 years.
In this document dated May 27, 1914, the family of our relative Nukhim-Shmul Yosevich Goldfarb (born 1880), who married Ivnitsk's petty bourgeoisie Udley Volkovnoy Wul (1892), appears .

Goldfarb Udel Shmulevich 1818 - 2009

Information from Nechama Mann:
"...
I looked through the Goldfarb tree, and I think I found our branch on your tree.
My husband's grandfather Udel (Igor) Samuilovich Goldfarb was born in Zavil (Novograd-Volynsky) in 1918, I know their entire branch further, besides, they have a direct descendant of Eduard Goldfarb in Jerusalem, the uncle of my husband Israel Mann.
The names of grandfather's husband's parents' were Shmuel and Udl (I assume that this is a branch of Nuhim Shmul and Udlya)
...

Our grandfather Igor Samuilovich, born in 1918 (in Hebrew his name was Idl, and at home they called him Izia) had a very interesting story of miraculous salvation during the war, he was captured at the front line and called himself Russian name Petr Fedorovich Martynov. He was tall, blond and no one understood the substitution. In captivity he worked for Germans in the village until the end of the war. True, there was one case when one Russian soldier in the bathhouse noticed, so to speak, the "nationality" of his grandfather and wanted to hand him over to the Germans, but other POW soldiers came to his aid and the traitor "accidentally" died in his sleep, buried in a pillow ...

After the war, they were released and then the French, Americans, British were waiting for them, everyone appealed to him, and suddenly a Russian general came to the center with a very reverent speech that the Motherland and relatives were waiting for them at home, and grandfather followed the Russians. Already sitting in the truck, he spoke to the general: "Comrade General ...", to which he immediately received a rude answer, "The Tambov's wolf is your comrade!", This is how the Motherland was waiting for them. By some miracle, grandfather escaped exile to Siberia at that time, maybe because he called himself Pyotr Fedorovich, or maybe for some other reason.
He returned from the war alive to his native city of Novograd-Volynsky, but his two brothers Vova (Volka) and Umka (I think Abraham) died young. Grandfather's sister Liza was also saved, she became Kilikievskaya after marriage, she has descendants.
And our grandfather soon after the war married Fira Naumovna Brodetskaya (1925) and they had Edik and Maya. Grandfather and grandmother both lived to be 91 years old and are buried in Jerusalem.
Edik has a daughter and two granddaughters, all of whom live in Israel. Maya has two sons and six grandchildren (three boys and three girls). Our family is in Israel, and the family of my husband's brother is in Russia.
...
And another piece of information about Shmul's son from his first marriage, his name was Yosef, he lived in Kyiv, then went to America, he left a daughter and a granddaughter.
...
I would also like to add that grandfather was a very kind person, without a bit of pride, without a manner of exaggerating (except perhaps on the contrary), everything was always fine with him (during his trials ...), and I also remember his joke well when we he was asked what he wanted to eat, he answered: "I learned to eat everything except eggshells and onion skins"))) he was a very bright and positive person, I know only few people like that, zichrono levraha!!!
..."

Aron Ilyich Shneer
Captivity:
Soviet POWs in Germany, 1941-1945 (2005)

Aron Ilyich Shneer.
Captivity:
...
Even more dangerous than the bath was disinfection. Both of these procedures often took place at the same time. Under these conditions, the selflessness and resourcefulness of the comrades saved the lives of the Jews more than once.

Igor Goldfarb, who was taken prisoner in the autumn of 1941 near the village of Orzhitsa, Poltava region, was hiding in the camps under the name of Peter Martynov. The Slavic appearance and impeccable Russian language of Goldfarb contributed to the salvation. Several of his comrades knew that he was a Jew.

Once in one of the camps in Germany, before the bath, it was necessary to undergo disinfection. At the entrance to the bathing department there were “one or two policemen with a disinfectant solution. You come up, raise your hands - he will disinfect you under the armpits and between your legs. And how can I get through when I, like all Jews, is circumcised. And if they will notice it is equivalent to death. My comrades Grisha Safonov from Makhachkala and Grisha Solovyov from Leningrad, he was a political instructor, knew that I was a Jew and that I had such a problem. They deliberately started to indulge in foolishness: ... and the policemen began to laugh, and smeared it between my legs and armpits without looking, so we passed this hurdle " *
*Archive Yad Vashem. 03/6423, l. 7. Testimony of I. Goldfarb.

Family of Moysha Yosifovich Goldfarb (1873) son of Yosif Avrumovich (Goldfarb tree, descendants of Itskhak, Yankel branch)

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 648.
Metric book of Zhytomyr synagogue. Marriage. 1897-1898_years. 268 p.
In this document dated June 3, 1897, the family of our relative Moshko (Froim-Moishe) Yosevich Goldfarb (born 1873), who married Zhytomyr's petty bourgeoisie Sura Volkovna Adelman (1879), appears among male Jews.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 681.
Alphabetical Book of Metric Books of the Jews of Zhytomyr Birth А - N. Birth. 1888-1906 years.
In this document in 1899, a record was made of the birth of our relative, Volf Froimovich Goldfarb.
Father Froim Yosevich Goldfarb.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 568.
Metric book of Zhytomyr synagogue. Birth. 1900 350 p.
In this document dated November 6, 1900, the family of our relative Moyshe Goldfarb, is among the male Jews, whose son Michel was born.
Mother Sura Volfovna.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 573.
Metric book of Zhytomyr's synagogue. Birth. 1905. 271 p.
In this document dated March 6, 1905, the family of our relative Moyshe Goldfarb, is among the male Jews, whose daughter Khisya was born.
Mother Sura Volfovna.

- Fund 67 Inventory 3 Case 570.
Metric book of Zhytomyr's synagogue. Birth. 1902 271 p.
In this do